Donald Ltd. manufactures and sells wax production. The company operates a standard costing system. The standard cost card for the product is as follows:

Direct material 1kg @ $8.00 per kg. $ 8.00

Direct labour 3hrs @ $4.50 per hr. $13.50

variable overhead3hrs @ $0.50 per hr. $ 1.50

Fixed overhead3hrs @ $7.40 per hr. $22.20

Budgeted output for the month of October 2019 was 6,500 units.

Actual results for October were as follows.

Production: 7 100 units

Materials consumed in production 7 500 kg @ $58 500

Labour hours19 100 @ $89 700

Variable overheads$9 800

Fixed overheads$146 900

Required:

A. Calculate the following variances:

(a).Material price

(b)Material usage

(c).Labour rate

(d)Labour efficiency

(e).Variable overhead expenditure

(f)Variable overhead efficiency

(g).Fixed overhead expenditure

(h).Fixed volume capacity

(i).Fixed volume efficiency

B. Describe two (2) types of standards (7 marks)