Dr. Kim meets with drug reps to learn about the latest, most effective pharmaceutical products for his cardiac patients. He communicates the benefits to his patients when he prescribes them. However, many drug companies used ads that are directly targeted to consumers. The ads are placed on television and on social media websites. As much as direct- to-consumer pharma ads annoy physicians, they attest to the power of marketing because the ads result in ______.

a. pharma ads not communicating the benefits of the product

b. doctors' taking the advice of aggressive drug representatives

c. patients asking their doctors for specific brand names

d. doctors' not selecting pharmaceuticals based on product distinctions