Dr. Moynihan conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of panic attacks a person experienced in the past month, the number of nightmares experienced in the past month, and people's levels of neuroticism (a personality trait characterized by instability, anxiety, and worry). She collects a convenience sample of 50 community college students (25 males, 25 females). Below are her findings.

Anumber of panic attacks in the past month and neuroticism: r = -.03, not sig.

Bnumber of panic attacks in the past month and nightmares in the past month: r = -.14 (p = .05)

Cnumber of nightmares in the past month and neuroticism: r = .48 (p = .003)

Dr. Moynihan realizes that the women in her study have more nightmares than the men in her study. This might result in which of the following?

A) Outliers due to subgroups

B) More measured variables

C) Larger effect sizes

D) Spurious associations due to subgroups