Dr. Pate wanted to determine why her students had just earned a lower mean score than ever on the most recent exam. The first thing question she asked was how much time her students spent studying for the exam. The population of students in her classes over the previous 15 years had studied an average of 5.56 hr (333.60 min) for the same exam. She conducted a one-tailed test to determine whether they had studied less than past students.

Below are the number of minutes her nine current students reported having studied for the exam in question: