During drinks after work,Ahmedwho isan accountant, recommended that his friend Boris should invest in 'hypercoin' - a cryptocurrency (a virtual electronic currency used as a means of exchange in the online trading of goods and services).As aresultBoris invested his life savingsinhypercoin. A few days later,hypercoinlost all its value after the trading system it supported was revealed as a fraudulent scam. Which of the following best describes Ahmed's liability for negligent misstatement:

Ahmed will not be liable because there was no contract between Ahmed and Boris

(b)Ahmed will be liable becausehe directed his advice toBoris, and Borisrelied upon the advice for the same purpose as it was given by Ahmed

(c)Ahmed will be liable because he ought reasonably to have foreseen that Boris would rely on his advice

(d)Ahmed will not be liable because it was unreasonable for Boris to rely on advice given in a social setting from someone who is not a specialist in cryptocurrency investment advice.