During physics class, Linus whispers to Cliff "After this class is over in an hour l $\text{'}$ m going to catch you in the hallway and smash your head in with a brick." One hour later, Linus does in fact walk up behind Cliff and smash the back of his head in with a brick. Linus is likely liable for the tort $($ s $)$ ?of:

a $.$ ?assault

b $.$ ?battery

c $.$ ?negligence

d $.$ ?both a $.$ ?and b $.,$ ?above

e $.$ ?all of the above