During the early and mid-1980s, many states raised their drinking age to 21 in response to federal prompting and as a means of promoting traffic safety. To further address public health and safety concerns, many states initiated sobriety checkpoints and introduced random drug testing for public employees and high school students.

• If your analysis discerned the policies had no effect on public health and safety, how do you think different political groups would react?
• What due process and equal protection issues and standards do these public safety strategies raise?

• Apply the Supreme Court's three-tiered scrutiny test to determine if equal protection or due process has been violated in the implementation of these policies.

• Explain how managerial, political, and legal perspectives variously affect this policy change, implementation, and evaluation.