During the last few years, Jana Industries has been too constrained by the high cost of capital to make many capital investments. Recently, though, capital costs have been declining, and the company has decided to look seriously at a major expansion program that has been proposed by the marketing department. Assume that you are an assistant to Leigh Jones, the financial vice$-$president. Your first task is to estimate Jana$$s cost of capital. Jones has provided you with the following data, which she believes may be relevant to your task:

$1.$ The firm's tax rate is $25\%.$

$2.$ The current price of Jana$$s $12\%$ coupon, semiannual payment, noncallable bonds with $15$ years remaining to maturity is $$1,153\mathrm{.}72.$ There are $65,000$ bonds. Jana does not use short$-$term interest$-$bearing debt on a permanent basis. New bonds would be privately placed with no flotation cost.

$3.$ The current price of the firm$$s $10\%,$ $$100$ par value, quarterly dividend, perpetual preferred stock is $$116\mathrm{.}95.$ There are $200,000$ outstanding shares. Jana would incur flotation costs equal to $5\%$ of the proceeds on a new issue.

$4.$ Jana$$s common stock is currently selling at $$50$ per share. There are $3$ million outstanding common shares. Its last dividend $($D$0)$ was $$3\mathrm{.}12,$ and dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate of $5\mathrm{.}8\%$ in the foreseeable future. Jana$$s beta is $1\mathrm{.}2$; the yield on T$-$bonds is $5\mathrm{.}6\%$; and the market risk premium is estimated to be $6\%.$ For the over$-$own$-$bond$-$yield$-$plus$-$judgmental$-$risk$-$premium approach, the firm uses a $3\mathrm{.}2\%$ judgmental risk premium.

$5.$ Jana$$s target capital structure is $30\%$ long$-$term debt, $10\%$ preferred stock, and $60\%$ common equity.

To help you structure the task, Leigh Jones has asked you to answer the following questions.

$1.$ What sources of capital should be included when you estimate Jana$$s weighted average cost of capital $($WACC$)?$

$2.$ Should the component costs be figured on a before$-$tax or an after$-$tax basis?

$3.$ Should the costs be historical $($embedded$)$ costs or new $($marginal$)$ costs?

$4.$ What is the market interest rate on Jana$$s debt, and what is the component cost of this debt for WACC purposes?