E 1-4 (Quantitative Easing) was: The massive expansion by the Federal Reserve System of their Open Market Operations, purchasing troubled assets from banks, and keeping interest rates low. The Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) plan to move the United States from the Great Depression through the creation of the Government Jobs Act (QE1), and the Recovery Act (QE2-3), and the Defense Modernization Act of 1940 (QE4), The efforts made by the Obama Administration to stop the Savings & Loan Crisis through increased government spending on public works jobs, like the paving of I-295 between Gardiner and Topsham, ME. Paul Volker (Shock) in the late 1970s--early 1980s. Raising of the Fed Funds rate by that Fed Chairman to try and stop runaway inflation and high unemployment