E23-19 Calculating materials and labor variances

Pro Fender, which uses a standard cost system, manufactured 20,000 boat fenders during 2016, using 146,000 square feet of extruded vinyl purchased at $1.05 per square foot. Production required 410 direct labor hours that cost $15.00 per hour. The direct materials standard was seven square feet of vinyl per fender, at a standard cost of $1.10 per square foot. The labor standard was 0.026 direct labor hour per fender, at a standard cost of $14.00 per hour. Compute the coss and efficiency variances for direct materials and direct labor. Does the pattern of variances suggest Pro Fenders managers have been making trade-offs? Explain.