Earth and Artistry, Inc provides commercial landscaping services Sasha Cairns, the firms owner, wants to develop cost estimates that she can use to prepare bids on jobs After analyzing the firms costs, Cairns has developed the following preliminary cost estimates for each 1,000 square feet of landscaping Direct material $ 460 Direct labor (5 direct labor hours at $10 per hour) 50 Overhead (at $16 per direct labor hour) 80 Total cost per 1,000 square feet $ 590 Cairns is quite certain about the estimates for direct material and direct labor However, she is not as comfortable with the overhead estimate The estimate for overhead is based on the overhead costs that were incurred during the past 12 months as presented in the following schedule The estimate of $16 per direct labor hour was determined by dividing the total overhead costs for the 12 month period ($640,000) by the total direct labor hours (40,000) Regular Direct Overtime Direct Total Direct Total Overhead Labor Hours Labor Hours Labor Hours January $ 49,000 2,810 190 3,000 February 47,000 3,270 40 3,310 March 54,000 3,500 60 3,560 April 48,000 3,000 250 3,250 May 60,000 3,470 460 3,930 June 58,000 3,440 770 4,210 July 60,000 3,400 620 4,020 August 48,000 2,670 310 2,980 September 49,000 2,930 40 2,970 October 56,000 2,750 30 2,780 November 59,000 3,160 20 3,180 December 52,000 2,590 220 2,810 Total $ 640,000 36,990 3,010 40,000 The overtime premium is 50 percent of the direct labor wage rate Cairns believes that overhead is affected by total monthly direct labor hours Cairns decided to perform a least squares regression of overhead (OH) on total direct labor hours (DLH) The following regression formula was obtained OH $32,207 $6 34 DLH Required Using the overhead formula that was derived from the least squares regression, determine a total variable cost estimate for each 1,000 square feet of landscaping Cairns has been asked to submit a bid on a landscaping project for the city government consisting of 66,000 square feet Cairns estimates that 50 percent of the direct labor hours required for the project will be on overtime Calculate the incremental costs that should be included in any bid that Cairns would submit on this project Use the overhead formula derived from the least squares regression After attending a seminar on activity based costing, Cairns decided to further analyze the companys activities and costs She discovered that a more accurate portrayal of the firms cost behavior could be achieved by dividing overhead into three separate pools, each with its own cost driver Separate regression equations were estimated for each of the cost pools, with the following results OH 1 $10,700 $3 50 DLH, where DLH denotes direct labor hours OH 2 $9,100 $13 90 SFS, where SFS denotes the number of square feet of turf seeded (in thousands) OH 3 $8,400 $7 00 PL, where PL denotes the number of individual plantings (e g , trees and shrubs) Assume that 5 direct labor hours will be needed to landscape each 1,000 square feet, regardless of the specific planting material used a Suppose the landscaping project for the city will involve seeding all 66,000 square feet of turf and planting 90 trees and shrubs Calculate the incremental variable overhead cost that Cairns should include in the bid b Recompute the incremental variable overhead cost for the citys landscaping project assuming half of the 66,000 square foot landscaping area will be seeded and there will be 240 individual plantings The plantings will cover the entire 66,000 square foot area QUESTIONS Using the overhead formula that was derived from the least squares regression, determine a total variable cost estimate for each 1,000 square feet of landscaping (Do not round intermediate calculations Round your final answer to 2 decimal places ) TOTAL VARIABLE COST Recompute the incremental variable overhead cost for the citys landscaping project assuming half of the 66,000 square foot landscaping area will be seeded and there will be 240 individual plantings The plantings will cover the entire 66,000 square foot area (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answer to 2 decimal places ) Total incremental variable overhead Cairns has been asked to submit a bid on a landscaping project for the city government consisting of 66,000 square feet Cairns estimates that 50 percent of the direct labor hours required for the project will be on overtime Calculate the incremental costs that should be included in any bid that Cairns would submit on this project Use the overhead formula derived from the least squares regression (Do not round intermediate calculations Round your final answer to 2 decimal places ) Show less Minimum bid Suppose the landscaping project for the city will involve seeding all 66,000 square feet of turf and planting 90 trees and shrubs Calculate the incremental variable overhead cost that Cairns should include in the bid (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answer to 2 decimal places ) Total incremental variable overhead

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Earth and Artistry, Inc. provides commercial landscaping services. Sasha Cairns, the firms owner, wants to develop cost estimates that she can use to prepare bids

Earth and Artistry, Inc. provides commercial landscaping services. Sasha Cairns, the firms owner, wants to develop cost estimates that she can use to prepare bids on jobs. After analyzing the firms costs, Cairns has developed the following preliminary cost estimates for each 1,000 square feet of landscaping.


Direct material	$	460
Direct labor (5 direct-labor hours at $10 per hour)		50
Overhead (at $16 per direct-labor hour)		80
Total cost per 1,000 square feet	$	590

Cairns is quite certain about the estimates for direct material and direct labor. However, she is not as comfortable with the overhead estimate. The estimate for overhead is based on the overhead costs that were incurred during the past 12 months as presented in the following schedule. The estimate of $16 per direct-labor hour was determined by dividing the total overhead costs for the 12-month period ($640,000) by the total direct-labor hours (40,000).

			Regular Direct-	Overtime Direct-	Total Direct-
	Total Overhead		Labor Hours	Labor Hours*	Labor Hours
January	$	49,000	2,810	190	3,000
February		47,000	3,270	40	3,310
March		54,000	3,500	60	3,560
April		48,000	3,000	250	3,250
May		60,000	3,470	460	3,930
June		58,000	3,440	770	4,210
July		60,000	3,400	620	4,020
August		48,000	2,670	310	2,980
September		49,000	2,930	40	2,970
October		56,000	2,750	30	2,780
November		59,000	3,160	20	3,180
December		52,000	2,590	220	2,810
Total	$	640,000	36,990	3,010	40,000

*The overtime premium is 50 percent of the direct-labor wage rate.

Cairns believes that overhead is affected by total monthly direct-labor hours. Cairns decided to perform a least-squares regression of overhead (OH) on total direct-labor hours (DLH). The following regression formula was obtained. OH = $32,207 + $6.34 DLH

Required:

Using the overhead formula that was derived from the least-squares regression, determine a total variable-cost estimate for each 1,000 square feet of landscaping.
Cairns has been asked to submit a bid on a landscaping project for the city government consisting of 66,000 square feet. Cairns estimates that 50 percent of the direct-labor hours required for the project will be on overtime. Calculate the incremental costs that should be included in any bid that Cairns would submit on this project. Use the overhead formula derived from the least-squares regression.

After attending a seminar on activity-based costing, Cairns decided to further analyze the companys activities and costs. She discovered that a more accurate portrayal of the firms cost behavior could be achieved by dividing overhead into three separate pools, each with its own cost driver. Separate regression equations were estimated for each of the cost pools, with the following results.

OH₁ = $10,700 + $3.50 DLH, where DLH denotes direct-labor hours OH₂= $9,100 + $13.90 SFS, where SFS denotes the number of square feet of turf seeded (in thousands) OH₃ = $8,400 + $7.00 PL, where PL denotes the number of individual plantings (e.g., trees and shrubs) Assume that 5 direct-labor hours will be needed to landscape each 1,000 square feet, regardless of the specific planting material used.

a. Suppose the landscaping project for the city will involve seeding all 66,000 square feet of turf and planting 90 trees and shrubs. Calculate the incremental variable overhead cost that Cairns should include in the bid.

b. Recompute the incremental variable overhead cost for the citys landscaping project assuming half of the 66,000-square-foot landscaping area will be seeded and there will be 240 individual plantings. The plantings will cover the entire 66,000-square-foot area.

QUESTIONS!!

Using the overhead formula that was derived from the least-squares regression, determine a total variable-cost estimate for each 1,000 square feet of landscaping. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)

TOTAL VARIABLE COST??

Recompute the incremental variable overhead cost for the citys landscaping project assuming half of the 66,000-square-foot landscaping area will be seeded and there will be 240 individual plantings. The plantings will cover the entire 66,000-square-foot area. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)

Total incremental variable overhead

Cairns has been asked to submit a bid on a landscaping project for the city government consisting of 66,000 square feet. Cairns estimates that 50 percent of the direct-labor hours required for the project will be on overtime. Calculate the incremental costs that should be included in any bid that Cairns would submit on this project. Use the overhead formula derived from the least-squares regression. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)

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Minimum bid

Suppose the landscaping project for the city will involve seeding all 66,000 square feet of turf and planting 90 trees and shrubs. Calculate the incremental variable overhead cost that Cairns should include in the bid. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)