Economic Perspective on Immunizations Interventions that produce both a health benefit and cost savings are inherently cost-effective. Economic evaluation of the early vaccines, such as vaccines for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, for polio, and for measles, consisted of comparing the costs of vaccination with the savings in treatment costs. Whether a vaccine is cost-effective may depend on who is asked. The patient, society in general, and a third-party payer may reach different judgments about specific costs. In the comprehensive societal perspective, all costs and benefits should be identified, regardless of who incurs the costs and who receives the benefits (Ericcson et al., 2002)