Economic value added is

essentially the same as residual income except that adjustments are made to liabilities and assets to eliminate $$accounting distortions$$ caused by interest expense.

essentially the same as residual income except that adjustments are made to income and assets to eliminate $$accounting distortions$$ caused by noninterest$-$bearing current liabilities.

essentially the same as residual income except that adjustments are made to income and assets to eliminate $$accounting distortions$$ that arise from following generally accepted accounting principles.

the use of qualitative and quantitative measures to evaluate performance.