Effective Rate Find the effective rate of interest corresponding to a nominal rate of $4\mathrm{.}5\%$ per year compounded annually, semiannually, quarterly and monthly. $($Round your answers to two decimal places.$)$

$($a$)$ annually

$\%$

$($b$)$ semiannually

$\%$

$($c$)$ quarterly

$\%$

$($d$)$ monthly

$\%$