Effects of Classroom Cell Phone Use on Expected and Actual Learning (9) Scientific Literacy and review of research concepts 1. Do you think you can trust these authors? Why or why not? (e.g., are they experts in the field; are there advertisements on the page/site that sponsor their research; is the journal or article filled with opinions and bias) 2. Was the population in study 1 randomly selected (or did they only use only a single or a few places to get their subjects-called a convenience sample)? 3. How does the answer to #3 above impact your ability to trust the generalizability of the results? (i.e., is the sample from seven colleges able to say truths about "all students"-thus making "all students" the population) 4. Who is the sample for study 2? 5. How might the use of THESE SUBJECTS impact the generalizability of the results to the entire population? 6. What type of research was used in study 1? What type of research was used in study 2? 7. Did the data support or refute the hypothesis for study 1? 8. Did the results support or refute the hypothesis of study 2? 9. Do you think there were enough students used in this study to justify generalizing the results to "all students" (as implied by the title)? Explain.