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Effluent from metal - finishing plants have the potential of discharging undesirable quantities of metal, such as cadmium, nickel, lead, manganese, and chromium, in forms

Effluent from metal-finishing plants have the potential of discharging undesirable quantities of metal, such as cadmium, nickel, lead, manganese, and chromium, in forms that are detrimental to water and air quality. A local metal-finishing plant has identified a wastewater stream that contains 5.15wt% chromium (Cr) and devised the following approach to lowering risk and recovering valuable metal. The wastewater stream is fed to a treatment unit that removes 95% of the chromium in the feed and recycles it to the plant. The residual liquid stream leaving the treatment unit is sent to a waste lagoon. The treatment unit has a maximum capacity of 4500kg wastewater ?h. If wastewater leaves the finishing plant at a rate higher than the capacity of the treatment unit, the excess (anything above 4500kgh) bypasses the unit and combines with the residual liquid leaving the unit, and the combined stream goes to the waste lagoon.
a) Without assuming a basis of calculation, draw and label a flowchart of the process.
b) Wastewater leaves the finishing plant at a rate =6000kgh. Calculate (by hand) the flow rate of liquid to the waste lagoon, ?6(kgh), and the mass fraction of Cr in this liquid, x6(kgCrkg.
c) Repeat the calculations from part b using Excel and Solver.
(Hint: stream 2 can have up to 4500kgh of wastewater. A good idea is to design for the maximum flowrate.)
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