Eight years ago, a company issued bonds with an annual coupon rate of $8\%$ and a par value of $$1,000.$ The coupons are semi$-$annual and the maturity, when issued, was $20$ years.

has. If the required semi$-$annual capitalized nominal rate of return is $10\%,$ what is the current value of these bonds?

b$.$ If the required semi$-$annual capitalized nominal rate of return increased to $12\%,$ what would then be the value of these bonds?

vs$.$ If the semi$-$annual capitalized nominal rate of return required increased to $8\%,$ what would then be the value of these bonds?

d$.$ What do you notice?