ElSmith Company manufactures a single product.Assume the following data for 2011.

Fixed costs in total:Manufacturing$100,000(Budgeted or planned and actual)

Selling & Admin$75,000

Variable costs per unit:Manufacturing$ 11

Selling & Admin.$2

There were 6,000 units in FG inventory January 1, 2011.During the year 25,000 units were produced 4,000 units remain in ending FG inventory. Planned or budgeted production was 20,000 units.

Undervariable costing, theproduct costof one unit would be:

Assume that the operating income undervariable costingis $28,000.What is the operatingincome under absorption costing?(You do not need to prepare an income statement to answer this question and the Price per unit is not given.)

The Production Volume Variance (PVV) variance is:

Assume that the operating income undervariable costingis $28,000.What is the operatingincome under absorption costing?(You do not need to prepare an income statement to answer this question and the Price per unit is not given.)

The Production Volume Variance (PVV) variance is:

Should the PVV be 'added' or 'subtracted' from COGS to make the adjustment?