Entity X incurred the following costs during 20X5: Quality control during commercial production, including routine testing of products P 58,000 Laboratory research aimed at discovery of new knowledge 68,000 Testing for evaluation of new products 24,000 Modification of the formulation of a plastic product 26,000 Engineering follow-though in an early phase of commercial production 15,000 Trouble-shooting in connection with breakdown during commercial production 29,000 Searching for application of new research findings 19,000 Cost of equipment acquired that will have alternative uses in future R&D projects over the next five years. Entity uses straight-line depreciation method. 280,000