Environmental Engineering plc is engaged in the development of an environmentally friendly personal transport vehicle. This will run on an electric motor powered by solar cells, supplemented by passenger effort in the form of pedal assistance. At the end of the current accounting period, the following costs have been attributed to the project: (a) A grant of 500,000 to the Polytechnic of the South Coast Faculty of Solar Engineering to encourage research. (b) Costs of 1,200,000 expended on the development of the necessary solar cells prior to the decision to incorporate them in a vehicle. (c) Costs of 5,000,000 expended on designing the vehicle and its motors, and the planned promotional and advertising campaign for its launch on the market in 12 months' time. REQUIRED: Explain, with reasons, which of the above items could be considered for treatment as deferred development expenditure, quoting any relevant criteria under IAS 38