1. Epidemiology uses the scientific method to describe and analyze health-related states or events.
   1. True
   2. False

Classify each of the following as (A) primary prevention, (B) secondary prevention, or (C) tertiary prevention (5 points)

_A_ Vitamin-fortified foods

_A_ Fluoridation of public water supplies

_A_ Wearing seat belts

_A_ Health promotion

_B_ Mammography screening

___ Cessation of smoking programs

___ Cardiac Rehab

___ Halfway Houses for recovering alcoholics

___ Occupational therapy for stroke victims

___ Community health education on use of condoms

___ Prostate-specific antigen testing

___ Monthly self-testicular exams

1. Classify the following as involving (A) direct transmission or (B) indirect transmission.

_B_ Mosquito conveys the infectious agent

_A_ Mucous membrane to mucous membrane (STDs)

_A_ Herpes type 1 acquired from contact with an infected source

Look up Legionella on CDC website - National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS) Case Definition. In surveillance systems, it is critical that a case definition be applied consistently to avoid changes in frequency and patterns simply because of inconsistent application of the case definition. Match the following terms with the correct classification.

Term	Classification
___ Probable case	Clinical signs of pneumonia and positive laboratory confirmation of Legionella pneumophilaserogroup 1 antigen in urine
___ Suspect case	Clinical signs of lower respiratory disease with fever and an epidemiologic link during the 14 days before onset of symptoms.
___ Confirmed case	Clinical signs of lower respiratory illness and fever with fourfold or greater rise in antibody titer to specific species or serogroups ofLegionellaother thanL.pneumophilaserogroup

In the student's health clinic of a certain university, 140 cases of foot-hand-mouth disease were identified among the undergraduate students. This viral infection is usually mild, and none of the students got any complication. Because it is rare to observe this condition in people older than 10 years, the university reported their findings to the city's health department. Three officers were sent to the university to interview and examine all the infected students and their contacts. By sending the three officers, what type of surveillance was implemented by the city health department in response to the university's report?

1. Sentinel
2. Periodic
3. Systematic
4. Passive
5. Active

What is the most accurate definition of the incubation period (of an infectious disease)?

1. The time of onset of clinical illness or the onset of recognizable symptoms
2. The interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness (the onset of recognizable symptoms)
3. The time of invasion by an infectious agent
4. The time between initiation of infection and first shedding or excretion of the agent
5. The period between exposure and the onset of infectiousness

Which of the following is a condition which may occur during the incubation period?

1. Onset of clinical illness
2. Receipt of infection
3. Signs and symptoms of disease
4. Transmission of infection
5. Isolation of disease carrier through quarantine

Suppose that the incidence of all types of cancer remains constant in a given country. However, thanks to new treatments, the survival of cancer patients increases. What do you expect to happen to the prevalence of cancer in that country?

1. Increase
2. Decrease
3. Remain constant
4. Cannot be determined
5. Duplicate