Equipment costing USD 330,000, on which USD 225,000 of up-to-date accumulated depreciation has been recorded, was disposed of on 2009 January 2. What journal entries are required to record the equipment's disposal under each of the following unrelated assumptions?

a. The equipment was sold for USD 120,000 cash.

b. The equipment was sold for USD 87,000 cash.

c. The equipment was retired from service and hauled to the junkyard. No material was salvaged.

d. The equipment was exchanged for similar equipment having a cash price of USD 450,000. A trade-in allowance of USD 150,000 from the cash price was received, and the balance was paid in cash. The exchange has no commercial substance.

e. The equipment was exchanged for similar equipment having a cash price of USD 450,000. A trade-in allowance of USD 75,000 was received, and the balance was paid in cash. The exchange has commercial substance.