ESS 102 - Lab 02 - In Person Names: Section: ESS 102 Lab 2: Impact Craters This is a GROUP lab. You will work collaboratively with your classmates in groups of 4-5 people, and you will submit a single completed group lab assignment (every group member should submit the same final report on Canvas). Everyone in the group is expected to contribute to the final write-up, and all group members will receive the same grade. Part A: Impacts in Water The surfaces of many solar-system objects are strongly cratered from impacts dating around all the way back to the formation of the solar system. These craters can tell us a lot about processes associated with the formation of the solar system, and the properties of the solar system object. The processes associated with crater formation are shown in Figure 1. sadimentary Hill meited rock [l taitack breccia Crust - Upper mantie = limit of fracturing Figure 1. Schematic showing the processes during the formation of high-speed impacts. ESS 102 - Lab 02 - In Person When a meteorite strikes Earth, it generates so much heat that both the impactor and the rock at the impact site are liquified. In this experiment, we can't launch our impactors quite fast enough to liquify rock, but we can study the impact process compression of the impacted material and associated rarefaction wave (which leads to the central uplift) by dropping different objects into water. The compression of the impacted material and associated rarefaction wave (which lead to the central uplift) can be investigated as follows: Take a bowl of water and place a ruler vertically. Let the water settle so there are no ripples around the surface. Take a camera with slow motion capabilities and position it so it has a clear view of the water in the bowl and can see several inches above the bowl (it should be able to see the ruler). Then, capture the dynamics of the impact of a drop of food coloring. The drop should be released between 1 and 2 feet above water. 1) Observe the central uplifted material. Is it made out of the impactor (food dye) or the surface material (water)? Relative to the surface of the water, how far does it travel 2) How fast did the incident food dye travel? You will need to look at the distance the drop fell to the surface of the water and the acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s"2). Hint: set gravitational potential energy equal to kinetic energy. 3) Is the uplifted material traveling faster or slower than the dye was traveling before impact? Why do you think this is