establishing context e.g. "A block is sliding on a frictionless incline that makes an angle of 21 with the horizontal." saying what your symbols mean e.g. "Let m=5.0kg be the mass of the block, F be the gravitational force of the earth on the block, and N the normal force of the incline on the block." citing hypotheses with "according to"o e.g "According to Newton's second law of motion, in any inertial reference frame the acceleration a of the block satisfies the equation F+N=ma". setting up reference frames by verbally describing origin, axes, and clock. e.g. "In the reference frame with origin at the base of the incline, first axis running up the incline in units of meters, and second axis in the direction of the normal force in units of meters, and with time coordinate t in seconds such that t=Os when the block starts moving... writing vector equations that are independent of reference frame. the statement of Newton's second law for the block can be written in component form as..." writing vector equations in component from using a reference frame you have described re-writing those equations as systems of equations and solving use of linear or rotational kinematics for constant acceleration or constant velocity specifying that a system is closed.

A cannon ball is fired off a 6m high cliff with initial speed 9.9m at an angle of 45 above the horizontal and accelerates downward at 9.8.. How far does the ball travel horizontally before it hits the ground? (Hint: 49.92 = 9.8) You need to calculate this quantity in the following way using the tools you learned about in this class: (a) Set up a reference frame with a 2 dimensional coordinate system. (b) Present a vector equation and tell the reader if you are using a hypothesis or definitions of kinematic terminology (c) Present an system of equations that is equivalent to your vector equation (d) Eliminate one of the two unknowns (which you will probably nickname x and t) (e) Calculate, using the fact that the solutions to ar + br + c = 0 (a quadratic equation) are 2a b4\\/62-4ac (the quadratic formula). Correct quantity: 14m in 2.0s