Estimate$/$calculate a reasonable WACC for the following

companies

Company $1$ :

A food retailer with $250$

supermarkets in the Benelux,

founded $1950,$ which has grown by

an average of $4\%$ p$.$a$.$ during the

past $10$ years.

Stable margins, consistently

profitable

Debt$-$to$-$total$-$assets ratio: $20\%$

Company $2$ :

A young technology company $($NL$-$

based$),$ founded $3$ years ago

Revenues of $3m$ and a gross

margin of $85\%$

EBITDA breakeven, but expected

profitability reached next year

No debt

Company $3$:

A French manufacturing company,

producing and servicing industrial

cleaning machines, founded $30$

years ago

$1\mathrm{.}2$ bn in revenues, EBIT margin

typically $8-12\%,$ c$.5\%$ annual

growth

$200m$ in net financial debt

Company $4$:

A Belgian technology start$-$up $(6$

months old$),$ fully $VC-$funded with $2$

years of expected cash$-$burn

Asset$-$light, software only

Longer$-$term $(5$ years $+)$ EBITDA

margin expected at around $50\%$