Ethanol can be produced commercially by the hydration of ethylene:

$C_2{H}_4+H_{2}O{C}_2{H}_{5}OH$

Some of the product is converted to diethyl ether in the side reaction:

$2C_2{H}_{5}OH(C_2{H}_5{)}_{2}O+H_{2}O$

The feed to the reactor contains ethylene, steam, and an inert gas. A sample of the reactor

effluent gas is analyzed and found to contain $43\mathrm{.}3$mol$\%$ ethylene, $2\mathrm{.}5$mol$\%$ ethanol, $0\mathrm{.}14$

mol$\%$ ether, $9\mathrm{.}3$mol$\%$ inerts, and the balance water.

$($a$)$ Take as a basis $100$mol of effluent gas, draw and label a flowchart, and do a degree of

freedom analysis based on an atomic species balance.

$($b$)$ Calculate the molar composition of the reactor feed, the percentage conversion of

ethylene, the fractional yield of ethanol, and the selectivity of ethanol relative to diethyl

ether.The reaction between ethylene and hydrogen bromide to form ethyl bromide is carried out

in a continuous reactor. The product stream is analyzed and found to contain $51\mathrm{.}7$mol$\%$

$C_2{H}_{5}Br$ and $17\mathrm{.}3$mol$\%HBr.$ The feed to the reactor contains only ethylene and hydrogen

bromide. Calculate the fractional conversion of the limiting reagent and the percentage by

which the other reactant is in excess. If the molar flow rate of the feed stream is $165mo\frac{l}{s},$

what is the extent of reaction?