Evaluate the financial performance of ExxonMobil and Chevron for the fiscal year 2019 using the following data:

($ millions)	ExxonMobil	Chevron
Net sales	$290,212	$159,460
Cost of goods sold	$168,789	$98,734
Gross profit	$121,423	$60,726
Operating expenses	$50,900	$30,470
Operating income	$70,523	$30,256
Interest and other (income) expense	$2,500	$1,800
Earnings before provision for income taxes	$68,023	$28,456
Provision for income taxes	$20,407	$8,260
Net earnings	$47,616	$20,196

Required: a. Compute the gross profit margin, operating profit margin, and net profit margin for each company. b. Calculate the return on equity (ROE) and return on assets (ROA) for each company. Assume ExxonMobil's equity is $130,000 million and total assets are $360,000 million, while Chevron's equity is $115,000 million and total assets are $300,000 million. c. Determine the debt-to-equity ratio for each company. d. Compare the profitability of both companies based on your calculations. e. Perform a trend analysis for net earnings by comparing 2018 and 2017 data, which are $45,320 million and $40,220 million for ExxonMobil and $22,450 million and $18,900 million for Chevron, respectively.