Even though Bergeron Wholesale Company is privately held, management has decided that it is worthwhile to have effective internal controls to the extent it is practical in a small company, as a way to reduce the likelihood of error and fraud. They have implemented the following system for acquisitions and payments.

Prenumbered purchase orders are approved by the vice president of finance for all purchases, including both tangible and service acquisitions. When goods are received, the goods are counted and a prenumbered receiving report is prepared with a copy sent to accounting. The goods are stored in the warehouse under the control of the shipping manager. The receiving report is used to update the perpetual records, which include only quantities and are used to determine the need to reorder goods and for control over the physical quantities of inventory. When a vendor’s invoice is received, the chief accountant compares it to the purchase order and, for tangible goods, the receiving report, for both accuracy and appropriateness of the expenditure, and then staples the documents and initials each vendor’s invoice. She then records the transaction in the purchases journal and related records using small business ac-counting software. Password protection is used for all records to prevent unauthorized access.

The chief accountant prepares the checks and updates the cash disbursements journal
using the same accounting software and submits the checks to Bergeron’s president for signature along with all supporting documentation. The president reviews and initials all support before signing checks and mails them to vendors on his way home from work. The controller receives the monthly bank statement directly from the bank and does a detailed reconciliation, including examining electronic copies of cancelled checks and supporting documentation for larger and unusual amounts. The controller also receives the monthly accounts payable listing from the chief accountant, compares the total to the general ledger, initials the listing, and files it. Once each quarter the inventory is counted and compared to the perpetual records, both as a check on record keeping and to determine whether there are inventory losses. Differences are listed, used for discussion with the controller and shipping manager, and filed.

1. List at least ten internal controls in the Bergeron acquisition and payment cycle. Be as specific as possible.
2. For each control, describe one way to test the effectiveness of the control.