Exam Chapters Learning Objectives (Chapter 3: Managing the External Environment & the Organization's Culture LO 3.1 Contrast the actions of managers according to the omnipotent and symbolic views. LO 3.2 Describe the constraints and challenges facing managers in today's external environment. LO 3.3 Discuss the characteristics and importance of organizational culture.Study Guide) Part 1 textbook: Introduction to Management Chapter 2: Making Decisions LO 2.1 The Decision-Making Process LO 2.2 Approaches to Decision-making LO 2.3 Types of Decision and Decision-making Conditions LO 2.4 Decision-making biases & errors