Examine the following case study of the RC Charter Company and answer the following questions:

RC Charter Company operates a fleet of aircraft under the Federal Air Regulations $($FAR$)$ Part

$135($air taxi or charter$)$ certificate, enforce by the FAA. The aircraft are available for air taxi

$($Charter$)$ operations within the United States and Canada.

Charter companies provide so$-$called unscheduled operations $$ that is$,$ charter flights take place

only after a customer reserves the use of an aircraft at a designated date and time to fly to one or

more designated destinations; the aircraft transport passengers, cargo or some combination of

passenger and cargo. Of course, a customer can reserve many different charter trips during any

time frame. However for billing purposes, each charter trip is reserved by one and only one

customer. Some of RC Charter customers do not use the company$$s charter operations; instead,

they purchase fuel, use maintenance servoces, or use other RC Charter services. However, this

database design will focus on the charter operations only.

Each charter trip yields revenue for the RC Charter Company. This revenue is generated by the

charges a customer pays upon the completion of a flight. The charter flight charges are a function

of aircraft model used, distanc flown, waiting time, special customer requirements, and crew

expenses. The distance flown charges are computed by multiplying the round$-$trip miles by the

model$$s charge per mile. Round$-$trip miles are based on the actual navigationbal path flown. The

sample route traced in Figure $1$ illustrates the procedure. Note that the num,ber of round$-$trip

miles is calculated to be $130+200+180+390=900.$

Figure $1$ : Round$-$trip Mile Determination

Depending on whether a customer has a RC Charter credot authorization, the customer may do

the following :

a$.$ Pay the entire charter bill upon the completion of charter flight.

b$.$ Pay a part of the charter bill and charge the remainder to the account.

c$.$ Charge the entire charter bill to the account. The charge amount might not exceed the

available limit$.$

d$.$ Customers may pay all or part of the existing balance for previous charter trips. Such

payment maybe made at any time and are not neccessrily tied to a specific charter trip.

The charter mileage charge includes the expense of the pilot$($s$)$ and crew required by

FAR $135.$ However, if customers request additional crew not required by FAR$135,$ those

customers are charged for th crew members on an hourly basis. The hourly crew$-$member

charge is based on each crew member's qualifications.

e$.$ The database must be able to handle crew assignments. Each charter trip requires the use

of an aircraft, and a crew flies each aircraft. The smaller, piston$-$engine charter aircraft

require a crew consisting of only a single pilot. All jets and other aircraft that have a

gross takeoff weight of at least $12,500$ pounds require a pilot and a co$-$pilot, while some

of the larger aircraft used to transport passengers may require flight attendants as part of

the crew. Some of the older aircraft require the assignments of a flight engineer, and

larger cargo$-$carrying aircraft require the assignment of a loadmaster. In short, a crew can

consist of more than one person, and not all crew members are pilot.

f$.$ The charter flight$$s aircraft waiting charges are computed by multiplying the hours

waited by the model$$s hourly waiting charge. Crew expenses are limited to meals,

lodging and ground transportation.

The RC Charter database must be designed to generate a monthly summary of all charter

trips, expenses and revenue derived from the charter records. Such records are based on the

data that each pilot in command is required to record for each charter trip: trip date$($s$)$ and

time$($s$),$ destination$($s$),$ aircraft number, pilot data and other crew data, distance flown, fuel

usage, and other data pertinent to the charter flight. Such charter data is then used to generate

monthly reports that detail revenue and operating cost information for customers, aircraft and

pilots. All pilots and other crew members are RC Charter Company employees, that is$,$ the

company does not use contract pilots and crews.

FAR Part $135$ operations are conducted under a strict set of requirements that govern the

licensing and training of crew members. For example, pilot must have earned either a

commercial license or an Airline Transport Pilot $($ATP$)$ license. Both licenses require

appropriate ratings, which are specific competency requirements. For example, conside the

following:

$$ To operate a multiengine aircraft designed for takeoff and landings on land only, the

appropriate rating is MEL, or Multiengine Landplane. When a multiengine aircraft can

take off and land on water, the appropriate rating is MES or Multiengine Seaplane.

$$ The instrument rating is based on a demonstrated ability to conduct all flight operations

with sole