Expectations For these questions, you are given brief summaries of research scenarios and specific hypotheses. You need to choose which statistical test is appropriate to analyze the hypothesis given the context of the research scenario. Each scenario is worth 5 marks. 1 mark is for correctly identifying the appropriate statistical test. An additional 4 marks are awarded for justifying your answer with respect to:

1. The type of data collected by researchers (i.e., continuous, ordinal, or nominal) 2. Whether researchers are investigating an association/relationship between at least two variables or are instead investigating differences between conditions using the same variable 3. If applicable, the number of conditions and/or factors 4. If applicable, the independence/dependence of observations between conditions You may format your answers as either short paragraphs or bullet lists. Question 1

A vision scientist was examining whether human depth perception relies on contextual visual information (i.e., depth cues). He constructed an experiment in which participants viewed an object in virtual reality and had to estimate how far away the object was. Participants repeated this many times and the researcher computed how accurately participants were able to infer the depth of the object. Accuracy was operationalized as the difference between participant estimates of object distance and the true distance of the object. On half of the trials, the object appeared in a long hallway with realistic dcor, thus providing contextual depth cues. On the other half of trials, the object appeared in a white void of empty space. Participants experienced both trial types in randomized order and their accuracy was compared between the hallway and void conditions. If depth is inferred from visual cues, accuracy should be lower in the void condition than in the hallway condition. What analysis should the vision scientist perform to examine whether subjects we less able to infer depth when deprived of depth cues?