EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 1) Determine the mass of each cylinder, the copper wire and the irregular solid. 2) Determine the zero reading of the Vernier caliper. This is when the jaws are in contact with each other. In this condition, the reading should be 0.00 cm. A non-zero reading is the zero error of the instrument. If the value is less than zero, the zero error is negative. Record the values in centimeters. Make sure to open and close the jaws before each measurement. 3) Measure the length and diameter of each cylinder with the Vernier caliper. Record them in centimeters to two decimal places. The actual value will be: Reading - Zero error. (As an example, suppose the caliper reads 0.02 cm when the jaws are closed without any object in between them. This is the zero error. Then you put the cylinder in the caliper and close the jaws on it, and the caliper reads 4.28 cm. Then the actual value of the measurement would be 4.28 - 0.02 = 4.26 cm). 7) Determine the volume of the irregular solid by submerging it in a graduated cylinder and measuring the volume of the liquid that is displaced. 8) Calculate the densities. 9) Look up the description of different materials to determine which solids you had. Then find their densities and calculate the percent errors in your measurement of densities. Use the following information to determine the materials (The materials in video are from this list): Copper: Element. Reddish-orange color, denser than iron. Brass: Alloy of copper and zinc; bright gold-like appearance. Denser than iron Aluminum: Element. Silvery white, soft. Low density. Steel: Alloy of iron and carbon. Hard. Lead: Element. Soft and malleable, Dull grayish color. Denser than iron. Zinc: Element. Has a dull finish. Density less than iron, more than aluminum. Polyethylene: Chemical compound. Whitish, not hard, low density, like a plastic. Might float on water. CALCULATIONS Zero Error: As an example, suppose the caliper reads 0.02 cm when the jaws are closed without any object in between them. This is the zero error. Then you put the cylinder in the caliper and close the jaws on it, and the caliper reads 4.28 cm. The actual value of the measurement would be 4.28 - 0.02 = 4.26 cm. Now suppose that when the caliper is closed and the first mark on the Vernier scale is on the left side of the zero of the main scale. Then the zero error would be a negative number. Suppose it is -0.03 cm, and the reading with the cylinder is 3.24 cm, then the actual value is: 3.24 -(-0.03) = 3.27 cm. 1) Calculate the volume and density of each object. 3 2) Find the percent error for the density of each object: Percent error = [(computed value - accepted value)/ (accepted value)] x 100%E-02: Measurements of Mass, Volume, and Density REPORT FORM Date: Part I. Dimensions of the Solids with Vernier Caliper Average Reading - Zero Error Zero Error X Length of cylinder-1 Length of cylinder-2 Length of cylinder-3 Diameter of cylinder-1 Diameter of cylinder-2 Diameter of cylinder-3 Length of Rectangular Solid Width of Rectangular Solid Height of Rectangular Solid Part Ill. Determination of Mass with Electronic Balance 4 Average Reading - Zero Error Zero error of triple beam / electronic balance X Mass of cylinder-1 Mass of cylinder-2 Mass of cylinder-3 Mass of rectangular solid Mass of irregular object Part IV. Determination of Volume of Irregular Solid using Overflow Can Level before immersion Level after immersion Average Volume Volume of solid Part V. Calculation of Density Computed Accepted Percent Object Mass Length Radius Volume cm ams Density Material of object Density error in 9/cm' density Cylinder-1 Cylinder-2 Cylinder-3 Real. Solid Irregular Solid Commented [kbl]