Explain and state legal basis for the answer

topic: General Provision: Phil law obligation and contract

(need long answer pls no rush)

-the car of X is parked by the roadside, it was bumped at the rear by a jeep belonging to Y. Only the car of X soured damage. Under the circumstances, does it follow that Y is liable to X for the damages ?

-.the D (Debtor) borrowed Php. 20k from C (creditor). on the due date of loan, D could not pay loan C. Because he lost to a robber the P 20k intended for C. In addition, he suffered financial reverse, and he was a short of cash even for his current family needs. Is D legally justified to refuse to pay C?

-S(seller) sold to B (buyer) a bag which had to deliver not later than July 31. S did not deliver the bag on the same date.Is S guilty of legal delay?