Explain how cost-benefit analysis is used in environmental issues such as pollution and the regulation of land use. Explain, compare, and contrast the positions of Baxter, Sagoff, and Schmidtz on the usage of cost-benefit analysis.

2. Explain O'Toole's criticism of the U.S. Forest Service and how it relates to both conservation and preservation (explaining both in the process). To this, relate and explain Krieger's position on the issue of preservation and conservation.

3. Explain the ethical theories of natural-law theory and utilitarianism. Explain the two kinds of each theory and how they would be used in environmental issues.