Explain how parallel computing can provide performance benefits to certain kinds of problems,

indicating the characteristics you would look for in such problems and the typical architectures

available. Give some typical examples of engineering applications. Mention Amdahl$$s law and

Gustafson$$s Law in your answer. $(12$ marks$)$

$($c$)$ Explain the concepts of validation and verification as they apply to finite element modelling, and how

and when they would be carried out.