1. Explain in what ways colonialism led to underdevelopment in the colonies. Make sure you discuss why and how colonialism left a lasting legacy in developing nations, the de-industrialization impact of colonialism, the biased nature of colonial infrastructure, terms of trade, economic dualism, transfers from the colonies to Europe (colonial drain) and path-dependency in post-colonial situations.

Reference: Cypher, J. M. (2014) The Process of Economic Development, 4th edition, London and New York: Routledge.