explain the answers.

4. Keynes differentiated between short and long-run expectations in what way(s)? a. The former influences current production decisions, and the latter underpins investment decisions. b. The former are expectations about short-term interest rates and the latter about long- term interest rates. c. The former are expectations about the inflation rate in the short term, and the latter is about long-term inflation rates. d. None of the above. 5. The spending gap measures the difference between: a. Nominal GDP and Real GDP. b. Actual GDP and expected GDP. c. GDP measured by the income and expenditure approaches. d. Full employment GDP and actual GDP. 6. Within the IS-LM model, a reduction in the level of government spending will reduce: a. Income, but increase the interest rate. b. Both income and the interest rate. c. Income, but leave the interest rate unchanged, d. The interest rate, but leave the level of income unchanged