Explain the data set you chose and why you chose it. Calculate the mean and median of the data set by hand.

Link and picture to the data is listed below

https://seattlecentral.edu/qelp/sets/028/028.html

3 Download the Data Data Set #028 m Sacramento Valley Selected Drainage: Excel File 25 Text File '7 O E, 20 Minitab File '5 5 15 3 About the Data E 3 View the Data g 10 I: 4 5 O @p with Using Data 0 , , u 20 30 40 50 Annual Rainfall (in) Go In To 3_ 3 About the Data About the drainage area data An excellent mathematical problem is to determine annual runoff per unit area given data on mean annual ow and drainage area. It is simple enough to do this by dividing mean annual ow by the drainage area. Complications arise in this data set since different units of length and time must be accounted for. Mean annual ow or runoff is often expressed in acre-feet per year, especially when the water is to be used in agriculture. Note: 1 acre = 43560 ftz, 1 acre-foot = 43560 ft3. The best tting linear regression equation is : R : 0.619P - 9.82 where R is annual runoff per unit area, in inches, and P is annual precipitation (rainfall), in inches. So what does this equation tell us? The slope of the equation tells us that for every 1 inch increase in precipitation (per unit area), there is a 0.619 inch increase in runoff (per unit area). In other words, 61.9% of the precipitation ows out ofthe drainage basin as runoff This begs the question, "What happens to the other 38.1%?". In the Sacramento Valley (hot and dry most of the year), much of the lost water is probably due to evaporation (from the ground, from reservoirs, and from the air as it is sprayed on crops). Water loss can also be due to transpiration, the process by which water is "expired" out of plants as a gas, and through percolation into an underground aquifer. No information about the Sacramento valley's hydrological cycle was provided with the source data. The regression equations vertical intercept is -9.82 inches, which is a bit difcult to interpret. Probably more meaningful for students is the horizontal intercept or P- intercept. By setting R : 0 and solving for P, we find that the P intercept is 15.86. This tells us that only after 15.86 inches of precipitation is there positive runoff. Students should question and discuss the validity of this number in light of the fact that it is based upon annual averages and only 7 data points. We can think of the precipitation-runoff data from the 7 drainage basins as a sample of all precipitation-runoff data from a larger population of drainage basins. (The population might equal all drainage basins in Sacramento County, for example.) A question that arises in statistics is, "If there is correlation in the sample data, how condent are we that there is correlation in the population data?", Assuming that you want to answer this question at some level of condence, correlation ranges can be found in introductory statistics texts. For example, to operate at the 95% condence level with 7 data points, we can read from a table that the r value should be greater than 0.75. The correlation coefcient for the 7 data points in this sample is approximately r : 096, thus we can say that we are at least 95% condent that there is correlation in the population. (A more precise statistical statement of this fact requires knowledge of hypothesis testing, found in introductory statistical texts.) E seattlecentraledu 1:03 II c.\" . The best tting linear regression equation is : R : 0.619P - 9.82 where R is annual runoff per unit area, in inches, and P is annual precipitation (rainfall), in inches. So what does this equation tell us? The slope of the equation tells us that for every 1 inch increase in precipitation (per unit area), there is a 0.619 inch increase in runoff (per unit area). In other words, 61.9% of the precipitation ows out of the drainage basin as runoff. This begs the question, "What happens to the other 38.1%?". In the Sacramento Valley (hot and dry most of the year), much of the lost water is probably due to evaporation (from the ground, from reservoirs, and from the air as it is sprayed on crops). Water loss can also be due to transpiration, the process by which water is "expired" out of plants as a gas, and through percolation into an underground aquifer. No information about the Sacramento valley's hydrological cycle was provided with the source data. The regression equation's vertical intercept is -9.82 inches, which is a bit difficult to interpret. Probably more meaningful for students is the horizontal intercept or P- intercept. By setting R = 0 and solving for P, we find that the P intercept is 15.86. This tells us that only after 15.86 inches of precipitation is there positive runoff. Students should question and discuss the validity of this number in light of the fact that it is based upon annual averages and only 7 data points. We can think of the precipitation-runoff data from the 7 drainage basins as a sample of all precipitation-runoff data from a larger population of drainage basins. (The population might equal all drainage basins in Sacramento County, for example.) A question that arises in statistics is, "If there is correlation in the sample data, how confident are we that there is correlation in the population data?". Assuming that you want to answer this question at some level of condence, correlation ranges can be found in introductory statistics texts. For example, to operate at the 95% condence level with 7 data points, we can read from a table that the r value should be greater than 0.75. The correlation coefcient for the 7 data points in this sample is approximately r = 0.96, thus we can say that we are at least 95% confident that there is correlation in the population. (A more precise statistical statement of this fact requires knowledge of hypothesis testing, found in introductory statistical texts.) Data Source: "Water Quality and Supply on Cortina Rancheria, Colusa County, California", US. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 89- 4004. Go ID To 3, 9 View the Data Source: US Geologic Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 89-4004 Water Quality and Supply on Cortina Rancheria, Colusa County, California Table lzCharacteristics of selected streams along the west side of the Sacramento Valley Ga in Station Estimated mean annual Drainage Area Mean annual ew average annual runoffper g g rainfall (inches) (rniAZ) (ft3'sec) unit area (in.) Middle Fork Cottonwood 40 244 254 14.1 Creek near Ono Red Bank Creek near Red 24 93-5 44-3 6.4 Bluff Elder Creek at Gerber 30 136 96.2 9.6 Themes Creek at Paskenta 45 194 304 21.2 Grindstone Creek near Elk 47 156 193 16.8 Creek Stone Corral Creek near 21 33-2 6.1 22 Sites Bear Creek near Rumsey 27 100 44.3 6.0 Go In Top, G seattlecentraledu