Explain the mechanism in which the Covid-19 situation could cause such significant negative effects on an economy in Malaysia. Describe in detail all macroeconomic concepts and theories as follows:

1. GDP and Economic Growth
2. Business Cycle (issues and challenges)
3. Inflation and unemployment
4. Technology and employment
5. Monetary and Fiscal Policies
6. International Trade
7. Currency
8. Exchange rate determination
9. The effect of exchange rate on export competitiveness

(100 marks)