Explain to him the work of running this code, and explain each line of the code with comments

#include

using namespace std;

struct Node {

int data;

Node* next;

};

class Stack {

private:

Node* top;

public:

Stack() { top = NULL; }

void push(int data) {

Node* newNode = new Node;

newNode->data = data;

newNode->next = top;

top = newNode;

}

int pop() {

if (isEmpty()) {

cout << "Error: Stack is empty" << endl;

return -1;

}

int data = top->data;

Node* temp = top;

top = top->next;

delete temp;

return data;

}

int getTop() {

if (isEmpty()) {

cout << "Error: Stack is empty" << endl;

return -1;

}

return top->data;

}

void display() {

if (isEmpty()) {

cout << "Error: Stack is empty" << endl;

return;

}

Node* temp = top;

while (temp != NULL) {

cout << temp->data << " ";

temp = temp->next;

}

cout << endl;

}

bool isEmpty() {

return top == NULL;

}

};

//check the balancing of the braces

bool checkBraceBalancing(const string& str) {

Stack stack;

for (char c : str) {

if (c == '(' || c == '[' || c == '{') {

stack.push(c);

} else if (c == ')' || c == ']' || c == '}') {

if (stack.isEmpty()) {

return false;

}

char top = stack.getTop();

if ((c == ')' && top != '(') ||

(c == ']' && top != '[') ||

(c == '}' && top != '{')) {

return false;

}

stack.pop();

}

}

return stack.isEmpty();

}

//check whether palindrome or not

bool isPalindrome(string word) {

Stack stack;

for (char c : word) {

stack.push(c);

}

for (int i = 0; i < word.length(); i++) {

if (word[i] != stack.getTop()) {

return false;

}

stack.pop();

}

return true;

}

//Giving precedence to the operators

int precedence(char op) {

if (op == '+' || op == '-') return 1;

if (op == '*' || op == '/') return 2;

if (op == '^') return 3;

return 0;

}

//Convert an infix expression to its postfix expression

string infixToPostfix(const string& infix) {

string postfix;

Stack stack;

for (char c : infix) {

if (isalnum(c)) {

postfix += c;

} else if (c == '(') {

stack.push(c);

} else if (c == ')') {

while (stack.getTop() != '(') {

postfix += stack.getTop();

stack.pop();

}

stack.pop();

} else {

while (!stack.isEmpty() && precedence(c) <= precedence(stack.getTop())) {

postfix += stack.getTop();

stack.pop();

}

stack.push(c);

}

}

while (!stack.isEmpty()) {

postfix += stack.getTop();

stack.pop();

}

return postfix;

}

bool isOperator(char c) {

return (c == '+' || c == '-' || c == '*' || c == '/' || c == '^');

}

//List the expression operators based on their precedence

void listOperatorsByPrecedence(const string& infix) {

Stack stack;

for (char c : infix) {

if (isOperator(c)) {

while (!stack.isEmpty() && isOperator(stack.getTop()) && precedence(c) <= precedence(stack.getTop())) {

cout << stack.getTop() << " ";

stack.pop();

}

stack.push(c);

}

}

while (!stack.isEmpty()) {

cout << stack.getTop() << " ";

stack.pop();

}

}

double performOperation(char op, double operand1, double operand2) {

switch (op) {

case '+': return operand1 + operand2;

case '-': return operand1 - operand2;

case '*': return operand1 * operand2;

case '/': return operand1 / operand2;

case '^': return pow(operand1, operand2);

}

return 0;

}

//Evaluate a postfix expression

double evaluatePostfix(const string& postfix) {

Stack stack;

for (char c : postfix) {

if (isdigit(c)) {

stack.push(c - '0');

} else {

double operand2 = stack.pop();

double operand1 = stack.pop();

double result = performOperation(c, operand1, operand2);

stack.push(result);

}

}

return stack.pop();

}

int main() {

while(1){

int choice, flag=0;

cout<<"Enter 1 for Check the balancing of the braces ";

cout<<"Enter 2 for Check whether the word is a palindrome or not ";

cout<<"Enter 3 for Convert an infix expression to its postfix expression ";

cout<<"Enter 4 for List the expression operators based on their precedence ";

cout<<"Enter 5 for Evaluate a postfix expression ";

cout<<"Enter 6 for Exit ";

cin>>choice;

switch(choice){

case 1: {

string input;

cout<<"Enter a braces expression: ";

cin>>input;

if (checkBraceBalancing(input))

cout << "Braces are balanced." << endl;

else

cout << "Braces are not balanced." << endl;

break;

}

case 2: {

string word;

cout<<"Enter a string: ";

cin>>word;

if (isPalindrome(word))

cout << word << " is a palindrome" << endl;

else

cout << word << " is not a palindrome" << endl;

break;

}

case 3: {

string infixExpression;

cout << "Enter an Infix expression: ";

cin>>infixExpression;

string postfixExpression = infixToPostfix(infixExpression);

cout << "Postfix expression: " << postfixExpression << endl;

break;

}

case 4: {

string infixExpression;

cout << "Enter an Infix expression: ";

cin>> infixExpression;

cout << " Operators by precedence: ";

listOperatorsByPrecedence(infixExpression);

break;

}

case 5: {

string postfixExpression;;

cout<<"Enter the Postfix Expression"<

cin>>postfixExpression;

double result = evaluatePostfix(postfixExpression);

cout << "Result: " << result << endl;

break;

}

case 6:

flag=1;

break;

default:

cout<<" Enter a valid choice";

break;

}

if(flag==1)

break;

cout<<" ";

}

return 0;

}