Explore the Java Tools and report on your findings:First, I recommend that you download the code for the Java Tools, Security.jar file, so you can run them locally on your own machine. Bring up the Java Tools: and select "MonoAlphabetic Substitution Cipher". This will bring up a window which provides you with a lot of tools for cracking a monoalphabetic substitution cipher. Play with this tool for a while, familiarizing yourself with its capabilities. Try cutting and pasting some (fairly long) samples of English text into the Input Text area, and seeing how closely the letter frequencies match (or don't match) the typical English frequencies. ry using the Autogenerate feature to see what happens to your text when you translate (encipher) it. Optional Question 4: What would you expect to happen in this case? Try really encrypting some text, and then see how successful you are at decrypting it, using the tool and its features (as opposed to you doing it -- you already know what the plaintext is!) Note: The Input Text area is editable; that is, you can enter text into it, edit that text, paste into it, etc. On the other hand, the Output Text area is not editable; you cannot enter text into it directly. However, you can select text from the Output Text area and copy from that selection. You can use the standard Ctrl/A and Ctrl/C key combinations to select the entire contents of the area, and copy those contents into the paste buffer, respectively. Next, download the ciphertext Ciphertext for HW2: In this ciphertext, I have retained the original word spacing, punctuation, etc. Note: In Internet Explorer, you should right-click on these links, and choose "Save Target As...". This way, you prevent Internet Explorer from trying to put HTML tags around the files when you save them. Bring this ciphertext up in an editor (a plain text editor, not something like Microsoft Word) Copy all of the ciphertext from your editor, and paste it into the Input Text area of the Java tool. You can now use the Java tool to determine letter frequencies, and come up with a first approximation of the substitution table, based on those frequencies.

Also, try: http://www.richkni.co.uk/php/crypta/freq.php Translate the text, based on the auto-generated table, and see if you can see anything that resembles recognizable plaintext. Using the tool, change individual letter substitutions until you believe you have the complete plaintext. Hint: You will probably find that you will have to look at the generated "plaintext" and make educated guesses at what the words might be, using clues like partially-formed words, punctuation, and a knowledge of the common two-letter and three-letter words that exist in the English language. If you get stuck, talk to someone else -- your wife, husband, girlfriend, boyfriend, parents, friends, etc. It is often the case that when you get stuck, just interacting with someone can lead you to overcome the problem, even if the other person doesn't actually come up with the solution. Note: Just tell me where the text comes from, who the author is, etc. Copy the plaintext from your Output Text area (Ctrl/A, followed by Ctrl/C), and paste it back into a new document in your editor. Print the result from your editor, or copy and paste it into your Homework-2 assignment report. What to Submit in your individual Homework-2 Report: First, refresh your knowledge of what I expect in an assignment report (and the format of that report).

A description of what you did. The results of your deciphering of the Ciphertext for HW2. While it would be nice to see you come up with a correctly deciphered result in each case, I am much more interested in a detailed description of what you did, what you tried, what worked, and (especially) what didn't work, what your thought processes were, your frustrations, any suggestions you might have for improvements to the tool, and so on. How hard was it to solve these ciphers? How much work did you have to contribute, compared to what the tool contributed? This is what Ciphertext for HW2 given:

Byx 10 Bminebz by Dyoxcbni Zgzbnoz Vkducln Xiysnzzyiz ekl Zbclnkbz Jg ANSSING I. GYCKR Heink OdLyfnuu zxnkb zntnieu legz bmvz seuu linzznl vk e xcixun svzm dyzbcon, myulvkr e xuezbvd zxnei.

Oz. OdLyfnuu, e knbfyih-zndcivbg ekeugzb eb bmn Ckvtnizvbg ys Tvirvkve, fekbnl by ievzn efeinknzz ejycb "xmvzmvkr," n-oevu zdmnonz vk fmvdm dyk eibvzbz znkl onzzernz by bivdh xnyxun vkby rvtvkr ycb xezzfyilz yi ybmni xnizykeu vksyioebvyk. Oz. OdLyfnuu feuhnl eiyckl mvrm-biessvd einez ys bmn deoxcz by rnb ebbnkbvyk. "Zyonbvonz V vkbiylcdnl ogznus ez e sieclcunkb n-oevu jndeczn oekg xnyxun lyk'b hkyf fmeb e xmvzm vz," zmn zevl.

Bmn ycbsvb myyhnl dcivycz zbclnkbz, fmy ezhnl mni fmeb zmn fez cx by, ekl oyzb uvzbnknl by mni zxvnu. Vk bmn xezb, xuevkduybmnz elovkvzbiebyiz znb cx bejunz ekl meklnl ycb jiydmcinz ejycb bmn voxyibekdn ys dyoxcbni zndcivbg. Jcb Oz. OdLyfnuu snub bmeb zcdm nssyibz oeln uvbbun voxedb, zvkdn zbclnkbz oyzbug feuhnl jg fvbmycb zbyxxvkr. Bmn svzm dyzbcon fez mni vlne bmn ckvtnizvbg xevl e uydeu zneozbinzz $60 by oehn vb jndeczn zmn snub bmeb e jvb ys suezmvknzz ekl mcoyi fycul mnux bmn onzzern zvkh vk.

Czni efeinknzz vz riyfvkr vk voxyibekdn fmnk vb dyonz by dyoxcbni zndcivbg. Kyb uykr ery, hnnxvkr dyuunrn knbfyihz zesn siyo dgjni ebbedhniz oevkug vktyutnl oehvkr zcin dyoxcbniz eiyckl deoxcz mel bmn uebnzb zysbfein xebdmnz. Knf dyoxcbni fyioz yi tvicznz fycul xyx cx, behvkr eltekbern ys zyon lvrvbeu myun vk bmn Fvklyfz yxniebvkr zgzbno yi vk xyxcuei Fnj zysbfein, ekl yssvdveuz fycul fyih by xucr bmn rexz. Bmyzn fnin bmn ryyl yul legz jedh fmnk oekg jvr ebbedhz fnin zbeibnl jg myjjgvzbz fmy ryb e dmnex bmivuu febdmvkr rnnh zwcelz zdieojun.

Byleg e riyfvkr kcojni ys knbfyih jel rcgz ein xiysnzzvykeu divovkeuz, ekl bmng'in uyyhvkr by zbneu ineu oykng. Bmng lyk'b aczb fekb by xyzb ek nojeiiezzvkr kybn yk gyci dyuunrn'z myon xern. Bmng fekb by kej bmn vlnkbvbvnz ys zbclnkbz ekl xiysnzzyiz by ry yk zmyxxvkr zxinnz fvbm syirnl dinlvb deilz. Fvbm bmn ruyjeu ndykyog rnbbvkr uyczvni, yssvdveuz xinlvdb bmeb ntnk oyin medhniz fvuu rnb vkby bmn edb vk zneidm ys nezg dezm.

Vkdinezvkrug, bmn fnehnzb xeib ys e knbfyih vz bmn czniz, fmy deinunzzug rvtn ycb bmnvi xezzfyilz yi unetn voxyibekb vksyioebvyk syi bmn behvkr.

Bmeb'z bmn dykduczvyk V inedmnl eb e indnkb Leiboycbm Dyuunrn dyksninkdn yk "Zndcivkr bmn nDeoxcz: Jcvulvkr e Dcubcin ys Vksyioebvyk Zndcivbg vk ek Edelnovd Vkzbvbcbvyk," fmnin V fez ezhnl by rvtn og behn yk zndcivbg bminebz. V dyoxvunl bmn syuuyfvkr byx-10 uvzb ys deoxcz dyoxcbni-zndcivbg ivzhz jeznl yk zntnieu indnkb dyoxcbvkr zcitngz ekl vkbnitvnfz fvbm oyin bmek e lypnk dyuunrn-bndmkyuyrg unelniz. Bmn uvzb, yilninl siyo unezb by oyzb znivycz, vz jg ky onekz zdvnkbvsvd, jcb vb rvtnz e znkzn ys fmnin byleg'z jebbun uvknz ein ekl fmg "xmvzm" dyzbconz zmycul jndyon oyin dyooyk yk deoxcznz.

Bmineb #10: Zxeooniz Bmn ckfekbnl n-oevu eltnibvzvkr onzzernz keonl esbni dekknl oneb inxinznkb e dykzbekb ebbedh yk bmn deoxcz, ekl dyuundbvtnug bmng dek metn e zvrkvsvdekb voxedb yk knbfyih xnisyioekdn. Ntnk bmycrm oekg dyuunrnz dek zbyx oyzb zxeo onzzernz jnsyin bmng inedm czniz, svubnivkr ycb elz syi Tverie lvtnibz nknirg efeg siyo ybmni edbvtvbvnz bmeb VB yssvdveuz dycul jn lyvkr. Oyin voxyibekb, zxeo vz ek cklniugvkr sedbyi vk ybmni knbfyih-zndcivbg xiyjunoz, zvkdn zyon ebbedhniz evo eb dyuunrn knbfyihz by mnux bmno znkl oyin zxeo, jg mvaedhvkr zbclnkb dyoxcbniz ekl bcikvkr bmno vkby zxeo znitniz. Zy vs zxeooniz dycul jn zbyxxnl, bmeb fycul mnux inlcdn ybmni hvklz ys knbfyih bminebz.

Bmineb #9: Dnuuxmyknz Bmn kcojni ys vXmyknz ekl ybmni Fnj-zcisvkr zoeibxmyknz yk deoxcznz vz riyfvkr iexvlug. Zvkdn zyon xmyknz dek dykkndb by fvinunzz knbfyihz bmeb juekhnb deoxcznz, vb vz nezg syi zbclnkbz, xiysnzzyiz, ekl elovkvzbiebyiz by ly euu zyibz ys dyoockvdebvyk yk bmnvi xmyknz bmeb bmng cznl by ly yk bmnvi uexbyxz. Fmvdm vz rineb, ckbvu medhniz dinebn tvicznz syi dnuuxmyknz yi ckbvu e czni uyznz e xmykn fvbm znkzvbvtn lebe zbyinl yk vb. Ekl zy sei, zoeibxmyknz ein meilni by zndcin bmek uexbyxz yi lnzhbyxz jndeczn tvicz-lnbndbvyk zysbfein dek wcvdhug ick lyfk dnuuxmyknz' jebbnivnz.

Bmineb #8: Xmvzmniz Xmvzmvkr zdeoz ein rnbbvkr oyin zyxmvzbvdebnl. Zyon neiug n-oevu onzzernz bmeb ebbnoxbnl by bivdh czniz vkby intneuvkr xezzfyilz fnin uvbbninl fvbm zxnuuvkr niiyiz yi xyyi rieooei, bvxxvkr xnyxun yss bmeb bmng fnin sehnz. Jcb byleg bmn jevb vz oyin uvsnuvhn. Vk e zdmnon bmeb mez nonirnl vk bmn xezb gnei, zdeooniz xinbnkl by jn dyuunrn knbfyih yssvdveuz ezhvkr indvxvnkbz syi bmnvi knbfyih VL'z ekl xezzfyilz. Dyuunrnz ein zbicrruvkr by nlcdebn zbclnkbz ekl xiysnzzyiz bmeb bmng zmycul kntni, ntni rvtn ycb bmnvi xezzfyilz tve n-oevu.

Bmineb #7: Zydveu Knbfyihz Bmn xyxcuei Sednjyyh zydveu-knbfyihvkr zgzbno fez vktnkbnl jg e dyuunrn zbclnkb, ekl zbclnkbz ein eoykr vbz oyzb nkbmczvezbvd czniz. Jcb dgjnidivovkeuz metn syckl bmeb zydveu knbfyihz ein vlneu xyyuz syi xmvzmvkr ebbedhz. E zbclg jg Vklveke Ckvtnizvbg inzneidmniz zmyfnl bmeb xmvzmvkr zdmnonz fnin ocdm oyin uvhnug by bivdh xnyxun yk zydveu knbfyihz bmek tve n-oevu vk zyon deznz rnbbvkr 70 xnidnkb ys czniz by seuu syi bmn zdeo. Vk ykn xyxcuei zdmnon, zbclnkbz rnb e onzzern bmeb exxneiz by dyon siyo e sivnkl, zegvkr bmeb vs bmng duvdh e uvkh bmng fvuu znn e tvlny duvx bmeb bmng exxnei vk. Bmn uvkh behnz czniz by e zvbn bmeb bivnz by vkzbeuu oeuvdvycz zysbfein yk bmnvi dyoxcbniz.

Bmineb #6: Ycbzycidn Xeibkniz Dyuunrnz ein ycbzycidvkr oyin bndmkyuyrg znitvdnz bmek ntni bmnzn legz, xcbbvkr bmn zndcivbg ys deoxcz vksyioebvyk vk zyonykn nuzn'z meklz. Deuuvkr tnklyiz e "bmineb" vz xiyjejug byy zbiykr, jcb dyoxekvnz dek jn e xyvkb ys tcukniejvuvbg syi deoxcznz. Dezn vk xyvkb: Bmvz Exivu e dykbiedbyi syi ZckReil Mvrmni Nlcdebvyk mel e uexbyx zbyunk, ekl vb dykbevknl lebe siyo 18 dyuunrnz bmeb fnin duvnkbz ys bmn dyoxekg. Syi ykn ys bmyzn vkzbvbcbvykz euykn, Dykkndbvdcb Zbebn Ckvtnizvbg, bmn uexbyx mel lebe syi 3,502 zbclnkbz ekl eucokv siyo syci deoxcznz.

Bmineb #5: Zbclnkbz Ntnig gnei zbclnkbz znno by jndyon oyin deinunzz ejycb dyoxcbni zndcivbg, eddyilvkr by zyon dyuunrn yssvdveuz. Zbclnkbz fvuu mexxvug rvtn bmnvi xezzfyilz by sivnklz by dmndh bmnvi n-oevu syi bmno. Yi bmng'uu dinebn zvoxun xezzfyilz bmeb ein nezg syi ebbedhniz by rcnzz.

Bmineb #4: Xiysnzzyiz Bmn ykug xnyxun oyin deinunzz yk bmnvi dyoxcbniz bmek zbclnkbz ein xiysnzzyiz. Fmnk e xmvzmvkr zdmnon mvb Zbeksyil Ckvtnizvbg bmvz gnei, syi vkzbekdn, bmn tezb oeayivbg ys bmyzn fmy snuu syi bmn dyk fnin sedcubg onojniz.

Bmineb #3: Zbess Onojniz Zyon dyuunrnz dyuundb oyin znkzvbvtn vksyioebvyk bmek bmng knnl, unetvkr oyin yxxyibckvbvnz syi bmn lebe by jn nqxyznl by bmn xcjuvd yi zfvxnl jg medhniz. Zntnieu indnkb inxyibz zevl ovzbehnz jg deinunzz noxuygnnz mel decznl oyin lebe jinedmnz bmek ycbzvln ebbedhniz mel.

Bmineb #2: Bmvntnz Bmnsbz ys dyoxcbniz fvbm znkzvbvtn lebe metn vkdineznl nedm gnei syi bmn xezb svtn gneiz, eddyilvkr by bmn uebnzb zcitng jg bmn Deoxcz Dyoxcbvkr Xiyandb, fmvdm biedhz dyuunrn VB binklz. Bmvz gnei oyin bmek 30 dyuunrnz metn inxyibnl uyzb yi zbyunk dyoxcbniz yi meil livtnz fvbm znkzvbvtn lebe yk bmno. Ez uexbyxz rnb zoeuuni ekl suezm livtnz rnb oyin dexedvycz, bmvz bmineb fvuu tnig uvhnug riyf. Yssvdveuz indyoonkl bmeb xiysnzzyiz ekl elovkvzbiebyiz nkdigxb znkzvbvtn lebe zy bmeb divovkeuz fyk'b jn ejun by znn zcdm vksyioebvyk yk uexbyxz bmng'tn zfvxnl.

Bmineb #1: Oeufein ekl Jybknbz Bmn Rnyirve Bndm Vksyioebvyk Zndcivbg Dnkbni nzbvoebnz bmeb 15 xnidnkb ys ykuvkn dyoxcbniz fyiulfvln ein xeib ys jybknbz: ovuuvykz ys dyoxcbniz vksndbnl fvbm oeuvdvycz dyln bmeb unbz ebbedhniz bcik bmno vkby "pyojvnz" syi bmnvi yfk ntvu nundbiykvd lnnlz (jybknbz ein ysbnk cznl by znkl zxeo). Bmeb'z cx siyo 10 xnidnkb e gnei ery. Bmn xiyjuno vz bmeb oeufein, ez bmvz ekl ybmni oeuvdvycz zysbfein vz deuunl, rnbz cxrielnl sezbni bmek ekbvtvicz zysbfein. "Bmn jel rcgz dek inxedh ekl ininunezn bmnvi oeuvdvycz dyln sezbni bmek bmn ryyl rcgz dek jcvul ekl lvzbivjcbn ekbvtvicz zvrkebcinz by vlnkbvsg ekl juydh vb," zegz Ayznxm N. Zb. Zectni, oekerni ys zndcivbg xiyrieoz syi Vkbniknb2, ek edelnovd-dyoxcbvkr dykzyibvco.

Vb'z dunei bmeb bndm zndcivbg vz ez ocdm e xnyxun xiyjuno ez vb vz e bndmkyuyrvdeu ykn. Ekl nlcdebvyk ekl efeinknzz ys ryyl dyoxcbni mgrvnkn ein oyin voxyibekb bmek ntni by hnnx knbfyihz dunek ekl lebe zesn. Bmn Ckvtnizvbg ys Tvirvkve mez euinelg indnvtnl inwcnzbz siyo zndcivbg yssvdveuz eb ybmni dyuunrnz fmy fekb by jyiiyf bmn dyzbcon.

Bmn Dmiykvdun ys Mvrmni Nlcdebvyk Zndbvyk: Vksyioebvyk Bndmkyuyrg Tyucon 55, Vzzcn 17, Xern E9