Export earnings of foreign exchange usually fall short of the needed outlays for imports. In order to cover this foreign exchange deficit on transactions, it is necessary for the government to borrow from abroad. In the short-run therefore, the external debt is incurred to finance balance of payment deficits. These deficits are incurred in the course of importing vital consumers and producer goods and services. Types of Public Debt Public debts can be classified according to the purpose for which the money was borrowed into; a. Reproductive Debt: where a loan has been obtained to enable a government to purchase some real assets, or Deadweight Debt where the debt is not covered by any real assets. b. National Debt: can also be classified into marketable and non-marketable debt. Marketable debt can be bought and sold on the money market or stock exchange. It can be divided into two types, short and long-term. The former consists of Treasury Bills and the latter of Government Bonds (Stocks). Non-marketable debt cannot be sold on the money market or stock exchange and includes such items as National Savings certificates, various types of Bonds, and deposits at the National Savings Bank. Finally, National debt can also be classified into Domestic and external debt. Domestic public debt is owed by the state mainly to its citizens or to domestic institutions such as commercial companies, etc. It includes interest payments on domestic institutions such as commercial companies, etc. Interest payments on domestic debt are raised from the taxation of the community. Such interest payments are transfer payments since the total wealth is not affected, irrespective of the size of the debt.

 

QUESTIONS

1. elaborate on the concepts of pancreatic enzymes, blood and necrotic (dead) tissue based on fluid-filled sac that forms in the abdomen and derive their connection

2.propose on the size of the back of the abdomen and position it alongside the pancreas

3.elaborate on he organic removal of theCystectomy by use of thecyst.

4.The _______________ the epithelium lining the surface of the urinary bladder is a unique cell type with high plasticity and a variety of cellular functions.

5.describe he contributions of the metabolic syndrome regard to the liver cirrhosis

6.elaboratte on the last stage of the of scarring (fibrosis) by enumerating the concept and basics of the Myogenesis

7. . _____________ is when the blood-forming cells you received on transplant day start to grow and make healthy blood cell?explain

8.shed light on the transplantation of skin as applied to thegraft surgery and provide a suitable name for such

9.justify why it is wrong to suggest that ;arthroplasty is a surgical procedure to restore the function of a building.

10. elaborateon Bamboo scaffolding as applied in construction work for centuries