Extraction Friendly Ltd. (EFL) specializes in extracting ore. It prides itself for following high environmental standards in the extraction process. On January 1, 2016, EFL purchased the rights to use a parcel of land from the province of New Brunswick. The rights cost $ 15,000,000 and allowed the company to extract ore for five years, i.e., until Dec 31, 2020. EFL expects to extract the ore evenly over the contract period. At the end of the contract, EFL has one year to clean up and restore the land. EFL estimates this will cost $ 2,000,000.

EFL uses a discounted cash flow method to calculate the fair value of this obligation and believes that 8% is the appropriate discount rate. EFL uses straight-line depreciation method. EFL uses the calendar year as its fiscal year and follows IFRS.

Instructions (Round all values to the nearest dollar.)

a) Prepare the journal entries to be recorded on January 1, 2016.

b) Prepare the journal entries to be recorded on December 31, 2016.

c) Prepare the journal entries to be recorded on December 31, 2020.