The following income statements and other information are available for the Duffy Dog Company: Sales Less cost of goods sold Gross margin Less: Selling and administrative costs Research and development Income from operations Less taxes on income Net income Total assets Noninterest-bearing current liabilities Cost of capital 2017 $371 ,431 ,ooo 14,857,240 37,885,962 $88,400,578 12% 2016 $262,889,000 126,186,720 136,702,280 26,288,900 97,268,930 29,180,679 $68,088,251 12% 2015 $207,661 ,ooo 76,834,570 23,050,371 9,182,490 Calculate EVA for 2017. Assume that for purposes of calculating EVA, the company capitalizes research and development expenditures and amortizes them over 3 years, including the year they are incurred. For external reporting purposes, research and development is expensed in the year incurred, as indicated in the income statements above. (Round answer to the nearest whole dollar, e.g. 5,725. Enter negative answers preceding either - sign, e.g. -45 or in parentheses, e.g. (45).) x EVA for 2017 10031950