Gold Nest Company of Guandong, China, is a family-owned enterprise that makes birdcages for the South China market. The company sells its birdcages through an extensive network of street vendors who receive commissions on their sales. The company uses a job-order costing system in which overhead is applied to jobs on the basis of direct labor cost. Its predetermined overhead rate is based on a cost formula that estimated $76,500 of manufacturing overhead for an estimated activity level of $45,000 direct labor dollars. At the beginning of the year, the inventory balances were as follows: Raw materials Work in process Finished goods $10, 300 $ 4,700 $ 8,600 During the year, the following transactions were completed: a. c. Raw materials purchased on account, $ 169,000 Raw materials used in production, $144,000 (materials costing $121,000 were charged directly to jobs; the remaining materials were indirect). Costs for employee services were incurred as follows: