\f3 N | O TC | Q U | EU | S re |Ad ER|10 4 3 ERER KC GH ON MT T ON 04d44f7b/1688154712708/PRIME+Missouri+Education +Profile+2023.pdf 2 / 33 | - 100% TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary CO Missouri Fast Facts A Teachers Salary Demographics: Racial Diversity Teacher Preparation Programs: Enrollment & Completion Certificates Issued & New Hires Enrollment & Demographics Enrollment Demographics Enrollment & Demographics by Missouri Region Attendance & Discipline Academic Growth & Achievement PRIME Growth Scores Missouri Assessment Program (MAP) National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP) ACT Postsecondary Access & Success FAFSA Completion Immediate College Enrollment 23 Postsecondary Pipeline 24 Education Finance . Per Pupil Expenditures: National Data . Per Pupil Expenditures: Missouri Data 27 COVID-Relief Spending 28c5c04d44f7b/1688154712708/PRIME+Missouri+ Education +Profile+2023.pdf 3 / 33 |- 100% +| EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The PRIME Center is pleased to present the 2023 Missouri Education Profile. This year's profile offers an in-depth first look at education data following COVID-19 shutdowns, describing Missouri's teacher workforce, students and their academic achievement and college enrollment, and the state's education spending. Unless otherwise specified, we utilized data from Missouri's Department of Elementary and Secondary Education (DESE) for state-level numbers and trends and information from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) for comparisons between Missouri, border states, and the nation. Additionally, our data only covers public K-12 schools, so we don't capture trends for pre-K or private schools. Our research shows some important things have changed since before the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, we highlight three new trends: . Missouri is hiring more new teachers, but fewer candidates are completing teacher preparation programs. Student attendance rates dropped to the lowest point in the last decade, while student discipline rates rose to their highest levels in the same time period. Missouri students scored slightly lower on state tests in math and reading, and along with their peers nationwide, significantly lower on national math and reading tests. Over this same period, some key pre-COVID-19 trends remained steady: . Missouri's average teacher pay remains much lower than national and regional salaries. A vast majority of teachers in Missouri and nationwide are White, disproportionate to student racial demographics. School enrollment continues to decline, along with the percentage of students who are eligible for Free or Reduced-Price Lunch (FRL). Achievement gaps in state test scores remain unchanged, as the proportion of students who achieved Proficient and Advanced was higher for White students than it was for Black students, by roughly 30 percentage points on state assessments. . Missouri's education spending continues to lag behind the nation and the border states' average. We also analyzed college enrollment data for the years leading up to the pandemic, between 2011 and 2019, and found postsecondary enrollment steadily decreased statewide, while many Missouri high school graduates who headed immediately to college did so out-of-state.3 N I S TO | Q U | EU | S re | 4 d | E R | M O | 4 3 | E R | ER | KC | KH |ON MT T O N QX 4d44f76/1688154712708/PRIME+Missouri+ Education +Profile+2023.pdf 4 / 33 100% MISSOURI EDUCATION FAST FACTS 2021-22 STUDENTS > Number of Public School Students: 863,218 > Proportional Attendance Rate: 76.2% > Percent FRL-Eligible: 41.3% > Composite ACT Score: 20.3 > Percent Who Took the ACT: 64% > Percent Who Completed the FAFSA: 47% > Four-Year High School Graduation Rate: 89.7% SCHOOLS & DISTRICTS > Number of Traditional Public School Districts: 519 > Number of Public Charter School Districts: 37 > Average Per Pupil Spending: $13,139 > Number of School Buildings: 2,352 > Student to Teacher Ratio: 16:1 > Percent of Districts with Four-Day School Weeks: 24% TEACHERS > Number of Public School Teachers: 71,713 Average Starting Salary: $34.052 (rank 50 of 51)*National, $42,844 $66,745 Teacher Salary Border Avg., $39,044 $57,447 nation for average teacher salary. 5 / 33 5c04d44f7b/1688154712708/PRIME+Missouri+ Education +Profile+2023.pdf Missouri, $34,052 $52,481 TEACHERS Arkansas, $37,168 $52,610 100% + Tennessee, $40,280 $53,285 teacher salary was $34,052, while overall teachers made $52,481 on average. Notably, both Missouri's the national average. Missouri ranks 50th in the nation for average starting teacher salary and 47th in the $66,745, according to data from the National Education Association (NEA). In Missouri, the average starting Kansas, $40,130 $54,988 Nationally, the average salary for first-year teachers was $42,844 and the average overall teacher salary was salary and 47th in the nation for average teacher salary. Missouri, Nation, and Border States, 2021-22 average pay for first-year teachers and average pay for teachers overall is less than its eight border states and Average Starting and Overall Average Teacher Salaries, O N E TC | Q U | EU & re | Ad ER | 10 | 4 3 ERERACH ON MT T Missouri ranks 50th in the nation for average starting teacher Kentucky, $38,010 $54,574 Oklahoma, $38,154 $54,804 Nebraska, $37,186 $57,420 lowa, $39,208 $59,581 Illinois, $42,213 $72,315O N I E N G TC| Q U E U | S re | A d | E R | 1 0 | 4 3 ER | ER KC | KH | ONMT T O N CY 16ed6c5c04d44f7b/1688154712708/PRIME+Missouri+Education +Profile+2023.pdf 7 / 33 | - 100% +| Teacher Demographics: Racial Diversity Missouri teacher demographics by race/ethnicity have remained relatively stable between 2017-18 and 2020- 21. More than nine of ten teachers (91%) were White, though Missouri saw a slight increase in Black teachers and teachers of other races. On average, Missouri's border states have seen a decrease in the diversity of teachers in the same time period. Public K-12 School Teachers by Race/Ethnicity, Nation, Mission, and Border States Average Nation Missouri Border States Avg. 2017-18 2020-21 2017-18 2020-21 2017-18 2020-21 Black 7% 6% 4% 5% 5% 3% Hispanic 9% 9% 2% 2% 3% 3% White 79% 80% 93% 91% 89% 91% Other Races 5% 5% 1% 2% 8% 3% Teacher Preparation Programs: Enrollment & Completion Enrollment in and completion of teacher preparation programs are important aspects of the teacher pipeline, particularly as Missouri and other states face teacher shortages. In 2020-21, Missouri's enrollment in teacher education preparation programs totaled 11,183, increasing 26% since 2014-15, and outpacing the border state average increase (20%). However, Missouri has not kept pace with the national average enrollment, which increased 30% between 2014-15 and 2020-21. Teacher Preparation Program Enrollment, 2014-15 to 2020-21 Enrollment 2014-15 Enrollment 2020-21 % Change in Enrollment 20.312 13,79 11 183 10.64 8.678 8.636 8.239 659 P 3 92 F SO N | E TC | B U | B U | S re | A d | E R | M O | 4 3 | E R | ER | KC | H | ON MT T O N Q Y F c04d44f7b/1688154712708/PRIME+Missouri+ Education +Profile+2023.pdf 8 / 33 - Enrollment in Missouri teacher education preparation programs increased 26% between 2014-15 and 2020-21, and outpaced the border state average increase (20%). In the same time period, completion of teacher preparation programs (i.e., earning an education degree) declined by 13% in Missouri and 24% on average in Missouri's border states. This equates to 473 fewer potential teachers completing a preparation program in Missouri in 2020-21. Illinois, Tennessee, and Kansas were the only states to experience an increase in program completers between 2014-15 and 2020-21. Teacher Preparation Program Completion, 2014-15 to 2020-21 Program Completers 2014-15 Program Completers 2020-21 % Change in Program Completers 5 520 5.168 4,452 4,183 3,710 3.405 2.803 1,350 2.174 2.235 2,091 2.092 2,22 2 13 1.86 1,80 1.859 -34% +4% -12% -13% -24% +59% -20% -52% +43% Kentucky Nebraska Arkansas Missouri Border States lowa Tennessee Kansas Oklahoma* Illinois Ave .Data unavailable for 2014-15 Completion of teacher preparation programs declined by 13% in Missouri and 24% on average in border states between 2014-15 and 2020-21. 92 F Su3 N | G TC | B U | E U | 5 re | A d | E R | M O | 4 3 | E R | E R | K C | H | ON | MT. | T O N O X F Fi | + 4d44f7b/1688154712708/PRIME+Missouri+Education +Profile+2023.pdf 9 / 33 100% +| Certificates Issued & New Hires The number of teaching certificates issued in Missouri has declined 16% over the last six years, according to DESE's Missouri Educator Certification data. The number of initial certificates and provisional/temporary certificates both declined between 2016-17 and 2021-22, while the number of additional certificates issued was relatively the same. The total number of teaching certificates issued in Missouri has declined 16% over the last six years. Teaching Certificates Issued in Missouri, 2016-17 to 2021-22 -16% change since 7,276 7,379 2016-17 6,622 6,650 8.831 6.264 3.979 3.921 3.888 3.893 3.477 3.606 1.997 1,962 1,686 1459 1491 1.300 1,410 1.352 .545 1,395 1,329 1,329 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 1019-20 2020-21 2021-22 Initial Certificates Issues Provisional/Temporary Certificates Issued Additional Certificates Issued Total Certificates Issued Local education agencies (LEAs) hired more teachers in 2022 than in the five previous years. This may be a result of teachers leaving the profession after difficult experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Notably, overall teacher retention declined by two percentage points between 2020-21 and 2021-22. Similar to previous years, the majority of newly hired teachers in 2022 were first-year teachers, while a high proportion came from other districts; few Missouri teachers were hired from out-of-state. As noted in our previous brief, recruiting teachers from out-of-state and easing some of the burdens for those looking to switch career paths are two potentially untapped pipelines. Missouri having some of the lowest starting and average teacher salaries may serve as a "block" in the pipeline. 92.F SunnyN I S N | G TC | B U | E U | 3 FE | 4 d | ER | MO | 4 3 | E R | E R | C | H | ON MT T O N OV FF 16c5c04d44f7b/1688154712708/PRIME+Missouri+Education +Profile+2023.pdf 10 / 33 |- 100% +| Local education agencies (LEAs) hired more teachers in 2022 than in the five previous years. Overall teacher retention declined by two percentage points between 2020-21 and 2021-22. New Teacher Hires by Category, 2016-17 to 2021-22 8.547 8.024 8,061 8,091 7,649 7,031 4.667 4.253 4.054 4,031 4,256 3.547 3,783 3.210 3.398 3.402 3,060 2,812 546 89.2% 482 88.6% 484 88.6% 453 90.1% 422 88.1% $13 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 First-Year Teachers Teachers From Another LEA Teachers From Out-of-State -Total New Hires Overall Teacher Retention Rate 92 F SS N G TC B U B U | S FE | A d | E R | M O | 4 3 | E R | E R | K C | K H | G N | M TE | TI | O N O X |+ Fi | + c04d44f76/1688154712708/PRIME +Missouri+Education +Profile+2023.pdf 11 / 33 |- 100% +| 110 2 ENROLLMENT & DEMOGRAPHICS Enrollment Over the past decade, Missouri's public school enrollment has declined by about 24,000 students in Missouri. The steepest enrollment drop occurred in the 2020-21 school year, during the COVID-19 pandemic, as some students may have enrolled in private schools, switched to homeschooling, or may have left the state altogether. While the 2021-22 school year saw a slight rebound, enrollment remains lower than pre-pandemic levels. Overall, Missouri's public school enrollment declined by 2.8% between 2013 and 2022. This decrease was larger than national trends where public school enrollment fell 0.8% between 2013 and 2022. Public School Enrollment, Missouri, 2013-2022 887,033 884,883 881,570 879,493 887.540 886,263 883,653 881,027 863.218 859,166 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Missouri's public school enrollment declined by 2.8% between 2013 and 2022. This decrease was larger than national trends. Public School Enrollment, Nation, 2013-2022 92 F Sunny P 33 N I B TO | Q U | E U S re | 4 d |E R | 1 0 | 4 3 |ER | ER | KC | KH ON MT | TION DY| 4d44f7b/1688154712708/PRIME+Missouri+Education +Profile+2023.pdf 12 / 33 100% + Demographics According to national data from the 2020-21 school year, the majority of Missouri's students were White (70%) while 15% and 7% of students were Black and Hispanic, respectively. Compared to the border states average and the nation, Missouri had a higher percentage of White students, a similar percentage of Black students, and a smaller percentage of Hispanic students. Missouri also has a smaller proportion of Free or Reduced-Price Lunch (FRL) eligible students and English Language Learners (ELL). Free and Reduced- English Price Lunch (FRL) Language White Black Hispanic All Other Races Eligible* Learners (ELL) Missouri 70% 15% 7% 8% 50% 4% National Average 52% 10% 45% 15% 28% 12% Border States Average 54% 8% 57% 14% 19% 10% The percent of students eligible for Free or Reduced-Priced Lunch (FRL) declined by 8.5 percentage points between 2018-2022. Nearly one of two students (49.8%) were FRL-eligible in 2018, while slightly more than two of five students (41.3%) were eligible in 2022. However, this may not indicate the level of need for free or reduced-price lunches has lessened so dramatically. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the federal government enacted a policy that ensured access to school meals for all public school students. Families who would typically be required to submit applications to determine and/or verify eligibility may not have done so during this period. U.S. Census data indicated the percent of Missouri families below the poverty level was 9.8% in 2018 while in 2021 it was 8.5%. In addition, the percentage of households with children under 18 years who received Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits between 2018- 2021 remained nearly unchanged, 30% and 29.2% respectively. Percent of Students Eligible for Free or Reduced-Price Lunch (FRL), Missouri, 2013-2022 50.7% 50.8% 48.9% 48.8% 49.3% 50.2% 49.8% 49.1% 44.9% 41.3% 2022 2015 2018 2021 2013 2014 2016 2017 2019 2020 92OF S3 N | G TC | Q U | E U | 9 re | A d | E R | M O | 4 3 | E R | E R | C | H | ON | MT | T O N|DX | FF | + d44176/1688154712708/PRIME+Missouri+Education +Profile+2023.pdf 13 / 33 - 100% +| Enrollment & Demographics by Missouri Region Northwest Region Central Region Northeast Region No. Districts No. Districts 57 No. Districts Enrollment 32,122 Enrollment 79,866 Enrollment 26,545 Avg. Enrollment Avg. Enrollment 1,401 Avg. Enrollment Pct. White 85.1% Pct. White 78.6% Pct. White 88.4% Pct. Black 3.0% Pct. Black 8.2% Pct. Black 3.2% Pct. Hispanic 4.6% Pct. Hispanic 5.0% Pct. Hispanic 3.3% Pct. Other Race 6.5% Pct. Other Race 7.8% Pct. Other Race 4.5% St. Louis Region Pct. FRL 43.9% Pct. FRL 36.69 Pct. FRL 39.19% No. Districts 57 Pct. ELL 2.7% ct. ELL 2.5% Pct. ELL 1.4% Enrollment | 251,891 Avg. Enrollment 4,419 Pet. White 56.3% Northwest Region Pot. Black 28.9% Northeast Region Pct. Hispanic 5.6% Pot. Other Race 9.1% Pct. FRL 37.3% Pct. ELL 4.5% Kansas City Region Central Region Kansas City Region St. Louis Region Western Plains Region No. Districts 52 Enrollment | 178,509 Ozarks Region Avg. Enrollment 3,433 Pct. White 54.9% Southwest Region Pct. Black 21.2% Bootheel Region Pct. Hispanic 14.3% Pct. Other Race 9.5% Pct. FRL 38.7% Pct. ELL 6.3% Bootheel Region Western Plains Region Southwest Region Ozarks Region No. Districts 63 No. Districts 65 57 No. Districts No. Districts Enrollment 251,891 Enrollment 54,038 Enrollment 61,813 Enrollment 36,903 951 Avg. Enrollment 4,419 Avg. Enrollment Avg. Enrollment Avg.' Enrollment Pct. White Pct. White 81.4% 88.39 Pet. White 83.5%% Pct. White 56.3% 2.3% 10.3% Pct. Black Pct. Black 2.3% Pct. Black 28.9% Pet. Black 92 F Sunny ~3 M I C N G TC B U B U S re | 4 d | E R | /1 0 | 4 3 | E R | E R | 3 C | 3 H | O N | M To | T O N D Y F F | + ed6c5c04d44f7b/1688154712708/PRiME +Missouri+Education +Profile+2023.pdf 14 / 33 | - 100% +| Attendance & Discipline Missouri's goal for student attendance-known as the 90/90 rule-is that 90% of the student population attend school at least 90% of the time. The attendance rate saw some minor fluctuations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic but has seen significant declines in recent years. The 90/90 attendance rate was 87% in 2018 and dropped to 76% in 2022. Over the same period, school discipline rates increased after a dip during the pandemic. In 2022, there were 13,706 incidents compared to 4,006 in 2021. The attendance rate dropped from 87% in 2018 to 76% in 2022. 90/90 Proportional Attendance Rate, Missouri, 2013-2022 87.8% 89.3% 88.6% 89.7% 88.7% 87.7% 87.3% 85.3% 82.8% 76.2% 2015 2018 2019 2021 2022 2013 2014 2016 2017 2020 Discipline incidents increased by 20.2% between 2019 and 2022. Number of Discipline Incidents, Missouri, 2013-2022 13,70 12,833 11,938 11,826 11,785 11,406 11,081 10,141 8,613 4.006 92 F Sunny MM J c5c04d44f7b/1688154712708/PRIME+Missouri+Education +Profile+2023.pdf 15 / 33 100% + 1 90 ACADEMIC GROWTH & ACHIEVEMENT Academic growth and achievement are both useful measures of student achievement but have important differences. Standardized assessments are indicators of students' point-in-time academic achievement, while academic growth is a measure of students' academic progress over time. In this section, we present information and resources on students' growth as measured by PRIME Growth Scores and capture achievement via the Missouri Assessment Program (MAP), National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), and ACT. PRIME Growth Scores Student growth scores are a better indicator of student progress towards learning standards over time as compared to point-in-time assessments. We believe the success of schools and educators working hard to drive student learning forward is also better indicated through student growth scores. Student growth scores are calculated at the school level using student achievement data and represent the academic performance of students at each school relative to their predicted performance. Predicted future scores are based on the average performance of peers. When students outperform their predicted scores, it means they grew more than other academically comparable students. If students at a school collectively perform exactly as expected, the school's PRIME Growth Score is 85. If students at a school collectively perform better or worse than expected, the school's growth score goes up or down accordingly. PRIME Growth Scores in the high 90s are very good and Growth Scores in the low 70s are quite low. Importantly, schools with lower proficiency levels may exhibit high growth. Thus, the PRIME Growth Score can reveal excellent academic growth across a wide spectrum of schools. Growth Scores are available for all elementary, eleMiddle, and middle schools in English Language Arts (ELA) and math, schoolwide and for the Subgroup. The Subgroup includes students receiving Free or Reduced-Price Lunch (FRL), Black and Hispanic students, English Language Learners (ELL), and students with disabilities. Subgroup growth is one indication of how schools are working to close persistent achievement and opportunity gaps. Growth Scores vary widely by school. Thus, presenting a state-level overview is not helpful. We encourage all stakeholders to review our Student Growth Reports, which highlight the top growth schools in different contexts, and utilize our Growth Data Tool, which provides information for every school in Missouri that has a Growth Score. 15 P 95c04d44f7b/1688154712708/PRIME+Missouri+ Education+Profile +2023.pdf 16 / 33 - 100% + | Missouri Assessment Program (MAP) Student performance on MAP tests is reported in terms of four performance levels: Below Basic, Basic, Proficient, and Advanced. Students performing at the Proficient level or above are considered to have mastered the skills and processes identified in the Missouri Learning Standards. The percent of students achieving MAP Proficient and Advanced in English Language Arts (ELA) decreased by two percentage points between 2021 and 2022. This decline in proficiency contributes to a recent downward trend. The percent of students achieving Proficient and Advanced has decreased by roughly five percentage points since 2019. Notably, MAP tests were not administered in 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic likely impacted students' performance in 2021 and 2022. The percent of students achieving MAP Proficient and Advanced in ELA decreased by two percentage points between 2021 and 2022. Proficiency Levels for MAP English Language Arts, 2018-2022 20% 20% 18% 16% 46% 44% 49% 49% 28% 28% 29% 29% 37% 38% 36% 36% 18% 15% 15% 18% 2018 2019 2021 2022 Below Basic Basic Proficient Advanced In math, the percent of students achieving Proficient and Advanced increased by nearly four percentage points from 2021 to 2022. Between 2018 and 2021, the percent of students achieving Proficient and Advanced 92.F Su P 3N I G N E TC| Q U E U | S re | A d | E R | /1 0 4 3 | E R | ER | KC | GH | ON MT TION DY 5c5c04d44f7b/1688154712708/PRIME +Missouri+Education +Profile+2023.pdf 16 / 33 | 1 - 100% +|H Missouri Assessment Program (MAP) Student performance on MAP tests is reported in terms of four performance levels: Below Basic, Basic, Proficient, and Advanced. Students performing at the Proficient level or above are considered to have mastered the skills and processes identified in the Missouri Learning Standards. The percent of students achieving MAP Proficient and Advanced in English Language Arts (ELA) decreased by two percentage points between 2021 and 2022. This decline in proficiency contributes to a recent downward trend. The percent of students achieving Proficient and Advanced has decreased by roughly five percentage points since 2019. Notably, MAP tests were not administered in 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic likely impacted students' performance in 2021 and 2022. The percent of students achieving MAP Proficient and Advanced in ELA decreased by two percentage points between 2021 and 2022. Proficiency Levels for MAP English Language Arts, 2018-2022 20% 18% 16% 20% 46% 44% 49% 90617 28% 28% 29% 29% 37 10 38% 36% 36% 18% 15% 15% 18% 2018 2019 2021 2022 Below Basic Basic Proficient Advanced In math, the percent of students achieving Proficient and Advanced increased by nearly four percentage points from 2021 to 2022. Between 2018 and 2021, the percent of students achieving Proficient and Advanced 92OF P 3S N I E TC | B U | EU | C FE | 4 d | E R | MO | 4 3 | ER | ER | C H | ON MT T O N X F Fi + c5c04d44f7b/1688154712708/PRIME+Missouri+Education +Profile+2023.pdf 17 / 33 | - 100% +| The percent of students achieving Proficient and Advanced in math increased by nearly four percentage points from 2021 to 2022. Proficiency Levels for MAP Math, 2018-2022 19% 19% 14% 17% 42% 42% 35% 21% 39% 23% 23% 22% 339% 32% 32% 31% 26% 32% 26% 29% 2018 2019 2021 2022 Below Basic Basic Proficient Advanced The achievement gap between Black and White students achieving Proficient and Advanced in ELA narrowed slightly (roughly two percentage points) between 2021 and 2022 due to more White students achieving lower proficiency levels. In 2021, 21% of Black students achieved Proficient and Advanced in ELA, while 51% of White students achieved the same proficiency, a difference of 30 percentage points. In 2022, the percentage of Black students achieving Proficient and Advanced was relatively the same, while White students experienced a roughly two percentage point decline. The achievement gap in 2022 in ELA was 28 percentage points. The achievement gap between Black and White students was 28 percentage points in ELA in 2022, a decrease from 2021 due to more White students achieving lower proficiency levels. The achievement gap between Black and White students in math 92 F Sunny P3 End Insert3 N | E TO B U E U | S FE | 4 d | E R | 1 0 | 4 3 | E R | E R | KC | K H | ON MT | T | O N D X | + Fil + 4d44176/1688154712708/PRIME+Missouri+Education +Profile+2023.pdf 18 / 33 - 100% +| MAP English Language Arts Percent Proficient and Advanced, White and Black Students, 2018-2022 55 55 51 49 29 30 30 28 Percentage Point Difference 26 25 21 21 2019 2021 2022 2018 7//Achievement Gap Black % Proficient and Advanced -White % Proficient and Advanced The achievement gap between Black and White students in math remained the same (31 percentage points) between 2021 and 2022. In 2021, 11% of Black students achieved Proficient and Advanced in math, while 42% of White students achieved the same proficiency, a difference of 31 percentage points. In 2022, the percentage of Black students achieving Proficient and Advanced increased to 14%, while 45% of White students achieved Proficient and Advanced. Overall, these achievement gaps in ELA and math remains wide. MAP Math Percent Proficient and Advanced, White and Black Students, 2018-2022 48 48 45 42 29 30 31 31 Percentage Point Difference BT 18 92*F Sunny E76/1688154712708/PRIME+Missouri+ Education +Profile+2023.pdf 19 / 33 - 100% + National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP) The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), often referred to as the "Nation's Report Card," is the largest nationally representative and continuous assessment of public and private school students. NAEP provides a common measure of student achievement in 4th and 8th grade, across the nation and in each state, in subjects including mathematics and reading, among others. Missouri's student performance on NAEP 4th and 8th grade math and reading assessments saw unprecedented declines from 2019 to 2022; the 2022 scores were the lowest in decades. Between 2019 and 2022, Missouri's scores for 4th and 8th grade students in both reading and math fell between 5 and 9 points. Missouri's 4th grade scores in reading and math declined more rapidly than the national average while 8th grade score declines mirrored national trends. Between 2019 and 2022, Missouri's scores for 4th and 8th grade students in both reading and math fell between 5 and 9 points. 4th Grade NAEP Scores, Missouri and US, 2022 242 241 241 241 240 240 240 238 240 240 240 239 239 239 236 235 238 235 235 232 224 223 223 222 222 221 221 221 220 223 222 221 221 221 220 217 219 218 218 213 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2022 -Missouri Reading Missouri Math US Math --US Reading3 N | @ To | Q U | E U | 9 re | 4 d | E R | M O | 4 3 | E R | E R | KC | K H O N M T T O N D Y F F. + 04d44f7b/1688154712708/PRIME+Missouri+ Education +Profile+2023.pdf 20 / 33 | - 100% +| 19 8th Grade NAEP Scores, Missouri and US, 2022 18 284 18 282 282 282 219 279 28 283 283 281 281 287 281 278 276 267 267 267 268 267 265 268 72 263 263 267 265 265 265 260 263 262 263 264 263 258 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2022 -Missouri Math Missouri Reading -US Math -US Reading Missouri has fewer NAEP Proficient and Advanced students than in prior years and lags behind the majority of other states and the national average. Approximately two of five Missouri students are Below Basic in 4th grade reading and 8th grade math. Slightly less than one in four (24%) of Missouri 8th graders achieved NAEP Proficient and Advanced on the math assessment. Importantly, NAEP Proficient does not represent grade level proficiency as it often does on other state or district assessments. Rather, students performing at or above the NAEP Proficient level demonstrate solid academic performance and competency of the subject matter. Percent of NAEP Students Scoring Proficient and Advanced, 2022 . Top Ranked State . Missouri - National Average Lowest Ranked State 55% 51% $50% 41% 92.F Sunny End@ TO | Q U | B U | S re | 4 d | E R | M o | 4 3 | E R | E RC H ON MT |T O N DY| FF. 17b/1688154712708/PRIME+Missouri+Education +Profile+2023.pdf 21 / 33 | - 100% + 1 8 0 ACT Composite ACT scores have been consistent in Missouri for the past four years, fluctuating between 20.3 and 20.8 from 2019 to 2022. These scores are roughly on par with, or superior to, the national average composite scores for the same time period. Participation levels for the ACT have steadily declined in Missouri and the nation, particularly after 2020 when many institutions of higher education moved to a test-optional admissions policy. In 2022, two-thirds of Missouri students took the ACT while slightly more than one-third (36%) of students nationally took the ACT. For more information on changes to higher education admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic, we encourage you to read our brief, Higher Education Admissions and the COVID-19 Pandemic: The National Landscape. 2019 2020 2021 2022 Composite ACT Score 20.6 20.7 20.8 20.3 Missouri % of students tested 82% 78% 63% 66% Composite ACT Score 20.7 20.6 20.3 19.8 Nation % of students tested 48% 49% 35% 36% ACT participation levels have steadily declined in Missouri and the nation, particularly after 2020 when many institutions of higher education moved to a test-optional admissions policy. 92'FO N I S N | B TC | B U | B U | S re | 4 d | E R | M O | 4 3 | E R | E R | K C | K H | N | M T T O N Q V F Fi + 5316ed6c5c04d44f7b/1688154712708/PRIME+Missouri+ Education +Profile+2023.pdf 22 / 33 | - 100% +| POSTSECONDARY ACCESS & SUCCESS In our Postsecondary Access & Success Reports, we described patterns in college-intending behaviors and postsecondary access for Missouri public high school students and described postsecondary success for students who graduated from a Missouri public high school and enrolled as a first-time, full-time student (FTFT) at one of Missouri's public institutions of higher education (IHE). Below we feature notable state-level highlights from these reports. FAFSA Completion FAFSA Completion and Immediate College Enrollment Trends in Missouri and Nationally, 2015-2018 A key obstacle to college access is financial Immediate College affordability, especially for low-income high Class of... FAFSA Completion Rate Enrollment Rate school graduates. Financial aid eligibility, Missouri National' Missouri National including the Pell Grant, requires completing the 2015 46% 57% 65% 65% Free Application for Federal Student Aid 2016 45% 56% 65% 64% (FAFSA), but FAFSA completion rates remain 2017 49% 61% 65% 65% low. Missouri's reported FAFSA rates lagged far 2018 47% 61% 64% 65% 2019 62% 64% behind the national average for the classes of "Missouri's FAFSA completion data is provided by the Missouri Department of Higher 2015-2018. Missouri's immediate college Education and Workforce Development's FAFSA Completion Project database. Data for the enrollment has stayed on par with national class of 2019 is suppressed. Retrieved from https://dhewd.mo.govifafsa-completion/ trends, as just over 6 in 10 recent high school "National FAFSA completion data include all 18 year olds who reported filing a FAFSA by June 30 of their graduating year and is unavailable at the state level from Federal Student Aid (2022) graduates have opted to enroll in postsecondary and reported by NCAN (2022). Retrieved from; education in the subsequent fall. However, fewer https:/www.ncan.org/page/NationalFAFSACompletionRatesforHighSchoolSeniorsandGraduat c Immediate College enrollment rates for Missouri are reported in the 180-day Follow-up than half of Missouri graduates enrolling in Report for the graduating class of interest postsecondary education completed a FAFSA. " National immediate college enrollment rates are reported by the National Student Conversely, roughly 60% of students nationwide Clearinghouse Benchmarks Reports (2022) completed the FAFSA. As of June 16, 2023, Federal Student Aid reported a similar FAFSA Missouri's FAFSA completion rate lagged far 92 F Sunny ~ 4) P Home End Insert F9 F10 F11 F12 F5 F6 F7 F83 N | S N | E TC B U| E U | S re | 4 d | E R | M o | 4 3 | E R | E R | KC | K H | ON MT | T O N| DY FF ed6c5c04d44f7b/1688154712708/PRIME+Missouri+ Education+Profile+2023.pdf 23 / 33 100% +| completed the FAFSA. As of June 16, 2023, Federal Student Aid reported a similar FAFSA Missouri's FAFSA completion rate lagged far completion rate (47.7%) for the Missouri high behind the national average. Fewer than half of school class of 2023, while 52.3% of the nation had completed the FAFSA. Missouri currently Missouri graduates enrolling in postsecondary ranks 32 out of 51 for 2023-24 FAFSA education completed the FAFSA. completion by high school seniors. 22 Immediate College Enrollment Statewide, immediate college enrollment declined steadily from 2011-2019 (from 69% to 62%), with the largest declines appearing in two-year college enrollment. Simultaneously, the workforce entry rate increased from 15% to 24%. For the class of 2019-the most recent class to have successfully completed high school prior to COVID-19-induced disruptions-only 88% of graduates enrolled in college or entered the workforce. We also note a considerable share of Missouri graduates who immediately enroll in college leave the state each year; only about 55% of the state's nearly 38,000 college enrollees from the class of 2019 enrolled in Missouri. Trends in Postsecondary Enrollment, 2011-2019 Any College 69% 67% 66% 66% 65% 65% 65% 64% Statewide, -62% immediate college enrollment steadily declined from 2011- Four-Year 37% 37% 36% Two-Year 32% 31% 2019, driven by 29% 27% declines in two-year Work 15% 17% -19% -20% -22% college enrollment and increases to 2011 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 workforce entry. Number of High School Graduates Who Enroll in College and Remain In-State, 2011-2019 P3 92 F Sunny Home End25 / 33 100% + | H O FTFT Persistence and Completion Rates (Class of 2015) Vary by High School Racial Composition FTFT Cohort (n) First Fall First Spring Second Year Complete Any Class of 2015 Completion Rate Completion Rate Persistence Rate Credential Statewide 21,368 97% 86% 77% 55% 90% White 7.866 96% 75% 55% High Concentration 5.525 88% 309% White 57% Reflective of State 3.940 98% 89% High Concentration 3.286 Students of Color 97% 35% 6% 49% >90% Students of Color 751 97% 80% 64% 27% Note: The bubble size is based on the size of the FTFT cohort for each category of students. The bubble size decreases as students exit out of the postsecondary pipeline. In-state, public FTFT college persistence and completion rates vary by high school racial composition and income level of high school. Students from high schools that serve a student body reflective of state demographics experience a completion rate of 60%, similar to the statewide completion rate of 55%, while students from schools that serve a high concentration of Students of Color (30-89%) or a student body with more than 90% Students of Color have a completion rate of 49% and 27% respectively. Similarly, students from high schools with lower levels of income also experience inequitable attainment. Students from the low and lowest income high schools have a completion rate of 42% and 48% respectively. FTFT Persistence and Completion Rates (Class of 2015) Vary by Income Level of High School FTFT Cohort (n) First Fall First Spring Second Year Complete Any Class of 2015 Completion Rate Completion Rate Persistence Rate Credential Statewide 21,368 97% 86% 77% 55% Lowest Income 1,108 95% 79% 68% 42% Low Income 3.681 96% 3:3% 71% 489 Median Income 9.243 97% 86% 76% 53%3 N | G TC | G U E U | S re | 4 d | E R | / 0 | 4 3 | E R | E R | E C | 3 H | ON | MT TION BY|OF | + c04d44f7b/1688154712708/PRIME+Missouri+Education+Profile+2023.pdf 26 / 33 100% +| 8 5 EDUCATION FINANCE Per Pupil Expeditures: National Data Using the most recent data from the National Center for Education Statistics, Missouri increased spending per pupil by $363 from $11,034 to $11,397 between 2017-18 and 2019-20. Still, Missouri lagged behind the national average per pupil expenditures by $2,092 and the border state average by $524. Missouri ranked 5th among its eight border states for per pupil expenditures in 2019-20. Per Pupil Expenditures, 2017-18 to 2019-20, Missouri, Nation, and Border States 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 Missouri $11,034 $11,349 $11,397 National Average $12,64 13,189 $13,48 According to the most Border Average 11,321 $11,641 11,921 recent year of national Illinois 15,91 16,28 17,48 data, Missouri lagged behind the nation and Nebraska 12,8 $12,74 12,828 border states average in lowa 11,095 $11,328 11,86 per student spending. Kentucky 1,598 $9.941 9,974 Kansas 11,72 11.933 11,986 92*F Sunny P 3 Home EndBU EUS re Ad ER MO A3 ER ER 54712708/PRIME+Missouri+Education +Profile+2023.pdf 27 / 33 1 - 100% +| er Pupil Expeditures: Missouri Data Per Pupil Expenditures by District Characteristics, 2021-22 $12,388 $12,150 $14,656 $13,183 $12,329 $12,164 $11,981 $12,195 $13,742 $13,383 $11,870 $11,643 $11,296 $16,542 $11,753 % FRL % Non-White Enrollment Lowest Quintile Quintile 2 Median # Quintile 4 I Highest Quintile The most recent DESE data indicates the average school district in Missouri spent $13,139 per pupil. When excluding the Special School District of St. Louis County, the average was $12,680. Spending based on district characteristics did not vary beyond what might be expected. Schools with more low-income students and those with lower enrollment spent more per student. Per pupil spending was higher in school districts that had the lowest ELA achievement; these districts spent roughly $3,000 more per pupil. A similar pattern emerged for districts with the lowest math achievement spending more per student, though the difference was not as dramatic. Districts that experienced the largest gains in ELA and math spent the most per student. Similar to our findings in the 2020 Missouri Profile, districts in the second highest math growth and academic achievement quintile spent the least of all districts in the state. Per Pupil Expenditures by District Achievement & Growth, 2021-22 $12,318 $13,579 $12,160 $12,146 $12,985 $12,623 $13.228 $11,449 $12,380 $11,940 $13,00 $12,164 $11,877 $12,443 $15,16 $12,027 $12,318 ELA Growth Math Growth EL Math Achievement Achievement Lowest Quintile Quintile 2 Median Quintile 4 Highest Quintile 92"F Sunny Insert Home End C n F10 F11 F123 N I C N G TC | B U | B U | 9 FE | A d | E R | M O | 4 3 | E R | E R | K C | K H | ON | M T| T O N Q X FF + d6c5c04d44f7b/1688154712708/PRIME +Missouri+Education +Profile+2023.pdf 28 / 33 - 100% +| COVID-Relief Funding Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) Fund and Governor's Emergency Education Relief (GEER) Fund grants were two ways the federal government supported elementary and secondary education during the COVID-19 pandemic. ESSER grants (all three iterations) were awarded to state educational agencies for the purpose of providing local educational agencies (LEAs) with emergency relief funds to address the impact that COVID-19 had on elementary and secondary schools across the nation. Similarly, GEER funds (both iterations) were awarded to states' governor's offices to support the state's population of individuals aged 5-24 and LEAs and essential education-related entities most significantly impacted by COVID-19. ESSER funds were allocated to states based on specific proportions defined in the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), while GEER funds were allocated based on a formula which included the state's population of 5- to 24-year-olds and number of children counted under ESEA. ESSER and Governor's Education Relief Funds, Missouri and Border States, Overall and Per Capita Missouri Illinois Tennessee Kentucky Oklahoma Arkansa lowa Nebraska Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) Fund $3,038,000,000 $7,879,000,000 $3,857,000,000 $3,123,000,000 $2.321.000.000 $1.941,000,000|$1.286,000,000 $1.192,000.000 $854,000,000 ESSER Per Capita $495 $622 $565 $699 $586 $643 $441 $378 $442 Governor's Emergency Education Relief (GEER) Fund $283,000,000 $374,000,000 $265,000,000 $164.000,000 $138.000,000 $103,000,000 $103.000,000 $102,000,000 $65,000,000 GEER Fund Per Capita $39 $37 $35 Missouri received over $3 billion in ESSER funding and more than $200 million in GEER funding. Five of Missouri's border states had higher per capita ESSER funding, while Missouri tied for the highest per capita GEER funding ESSER II has an allocation deadline of September 30, 2023 and a spending deadline of January 28, 2024. ESSER III, the largest allocation of the three, has an allocation deadline of September 30, 2024 and a January 28, 2025 spending deadline. GEER II had an allocation deadline of January 2023 and has a spending deadline of September 30, 2023. States lagging behind in spending may be granted extensions. According to the Council of Chief State School Officers, LEAs have spent the majority of funds on accelerated and extended learning time, such as tutoring and after-school programs. Other state priorities include recruitment, retention, and support for school staff, as well as student and staff wellbeing. 92*F Sunny ~ P388154712708/PRIME+Missouri + Education+Profile+2023.pdf 29 / 33 - 100% + For State Represet Candidate in 6 VOTER OPINIONS ON EDUCATION ISSUES School Safety The February 2023 SLU/YouGov Poll interviewed 900 likely Missouri voters about issues facing the Missouri legislature and their opinions about school safety and guns, following the October school shooting at Central Visual and Performing Arts High School. The survey found 56% of voters were somewhat or very worried about a shooting happening at Missouri schools, and there was bipartisan support for safety and gun reforms. Level of Worry About a Shooting in Missouri Public Schools 41% 41% 33% 34% 33% 31% 220 19% 14% 8% 7% 5% 2 3% Not Worried Slightly Worried Somewhat Worried "Very Worried Not Sure All Voters Democrats Republicans Key School Safety Findings: _At least 57% of Republican Democratic and Indenendent voters support requiring schools to have metal 92"F Sunny ~ 40), 7:42 P 7/15/20 Home End Insert F9 F10 F11 F12 F6 F7 F8 &S N | E TC | S U | E U | C FE | 4 d | E R | 1 0 | 4 3 | E R | E R | C | 3 H | ON MT T O N Q X - F. + 5c04d44f7b/1688154712708/PRIME+Missouri+Education +Profile+2023.pdf X 30 / 33 | - 100% +| Education as a State Priority and the Condition of Education For the first time in the history of the SLU/YouGov Poll, education was the second highest-rated important issue, after the economy. Eighteen percent of voters indicated it was the most important issue Most Important Issue to Missourians, June 2020-Feb 2023 4% 6% 11% 10% 8% 6% 15% 13% 14% 15% 13% 13% 11% 18% 28% 16% 34% 25% 17% 51% 39% 42% June 2020 October 2020 July 2021 August 2022 February 2023 Economy Healthcare Education Infrastructure Other The SLUYou/Gov Poll asked Missourians to rate the condition of education across the state. Overall, 69% of voters rated Missouri public schools as "fair" or "poor." This finding was consistent with Democrat and Republican voters. Rating of Public Schools in the State of Missouri 47% 42% 36% 34% 25% 239 22% 19% 7% 870 6% 370 7:42 PM 92*F Sunny ~ 40 7/15/202 Ed Delete Home End Insert F11 F12 F9 F10 F8 F6 F7 BackspN | G T | B U E U S re A d E R | Mo | 4 3 ER R | KC H | ON MT T O N QX 1417b/1688154712708/PRIME+Missouri+ Education +Profile+2023.pdf 31 / 33 | - 100% +| Four-Day School Week Four-day school weeks have been on the minds of many Missourians as an increasing number of districts have made the switch. A plurality of voters (46%) oppose a permanent reduction from a five to a four-day school week, while 34% favor this reform and 20% are unsure. These results were fairly consistent across Democrat and Republican voters. Permanent Reduction from a Five to a Four-Day School Week in Your Local Public School District 52% 46% 45% 34% 36% 29% 20% 19% 18% Favor Oppose Not Sure All Voters Democrats Republicans Parents' Rights Reflecting voters' dissatisfaction with some schools, 62% of voters agreed with the statement, "Parents of students should have the right to object to instructional materials used in their child's classroom." More than four of five (86%) Republican voters agree while approximately one in three (32%) Democrats agree. Parents Should Have the Right to Object to School Instruction Materials 86% 62% 48% 32% 26% 92OFd44f7b/1688154712708/PRIME+Missouri+Education+Profile+2023.pdf 32 / 33 - 1 100% RECOMMENDATIONS & FUTURE DIRECTIONS Our intention with the 2023 Missouri Education Profile is to provide a high-level overview of Missouri's education landscape in key areas for all stakeholders-educators, administrators, families, policymakers, and researchers alike. When possible, we make comparisons to border states and the nation so that readers can see how our state stacks up, recognizing that data availability may differ or lag. We encourage our audience to use this profile as a guide for diving deeper into specific issues, and we recommend more closely examining regional, district, and building-level data before making any local decisions. Overall, we hope this work is helpful in informing conversations on education issues. In the coming months, PRIME will be exploring many of the topics highlighted in this profile in more depth, as we continue to make sense of the new and existing trends evident after the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, we plan to publish about: . Teacher Supply & Demand Student Growth & Achievement . Enrollment Trends Postsecondary Access & Success Finally, we're ever curious to see how readers engage with our work. Please let us know your thoughts, feelings, and questions about this profile by contacting us directly or via social media. Thank you for reading! Data Sources Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education (DESE) Missouri Department of Higher Education and Workforce Development (DHEWD) National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) National College Attainment Network 92.F SU