Family transportation costs are usually higher than most people believe because those costs include car payments, insurance, fuel costs, repairs, parking, and public transportation. Several randomly selected families in four major European cities (Amsterdam, Madrid, Frankfurt and Dublin) were asked to use their records to estimate a monthly figure for transportation cost. The data obtained and ANOVA are used to test whether there is a significant difference in monthly transportation costs for families living in these cities. Reported below is the ANOVA output and summary statistics for the four cities together with estimated pooled standard deviation (omitted output values are denoted ?).

Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY Groups Count Average Standard Deviation Amsterdam 18 226.73 13.59 Madrid 15 238.79 9.41 Frankfurt 21 232.58 12.16 Dublin 11 239.82 20.96 Pooled Standard Deviation: 13.87 ANOVA Source of variation df SS MS F P-value F crit Between Groups 3 1,701 ? ? ? Within Groups 61 11,728 Total 64 13,429