Fertility We have discussed in lecture that there are several different measures of fertility, each of which is more specific in terms of the number of births relative to the population "at risk" of giving birth. In this lab, you will be using data published by the National Center for Vital Statistics of the Center for Disease Control to compute these measures, and to see how fertility experiences differ across demographic groups in the U.S. Below are descriptions of each of the measures. I have created a data set with the 2020 American Community Survey and the 2020 birth data for the entire US, Non-Hispanic Whites, Non-Hispanic Blacks, Non-Hispanic Native Americans and alaska Natives, Non-Hispanic Asians, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics. You will compute the measures below for each group, and then in your write-up, you will compare and contrast these rates across the different groups. I did not add nativity, so do not assume these are native-born or foreign-born. While the Census Bureau disaggregates by nativity, the National Center for Vital Statistics does not. Crude Birth Rate The Crude Birth Rate is the simplest form of describing fertility in a culture, but as we saw in Lab 4, its primary uses are to compute rates of natural increase and momentum factors. The CBR does not really tell you much about how many children a typical family has. It has another inherent weakness. It uses the entire population as the denominator, thus including all males and all females not in their childbearing years. CBR = #live births/Total Population x 1000 General Fertility Rate The General Fertility Rate begins to control for population structure by computing the number of live births for the population of women in their childbearing years per thousand. It is similar to the CBR, but the denominator is the at risk population only. GFR = # live births//Population females (10-49 or 54) depending on how a country reports its statistics x 1000. Age-Specific Fertility Rate The Age-Specific Fertility Rate is similar to the age-specific mortality rate in that it measures how many births there are to women in specific age cohorts. This is a helpful statistic in understanding what the typical childbearing age is in a culture. The age cohort(s) with the highest rate(s) tell you when childbearing most commonly occurs in a typical woman's life in that culture. ASFR = # live births to women in an age cohort/Population of women in that age cohort Total Fertility Rate The Total Fertility Rate or TFR is the most powerful and useful measure of fertility in understanding a population. It represents the number of children the typical woman in that population will have over her childbearing years, based on 2 assumptions: Women will have the same birth rates over their lifetimes as women in different age cohorts in that same population have had in that year; and Women will survive through their childbearing years. TFR=h ? ASFR Where h=the number of years in the age cohorts for the ASFR. You will be using data found in Lab 6.xlsx to compute the CBR, GFR, ASFRs and TFR for the US for the year 2020.

- You will repeat this for each group. You will create a table for each group of AFSR. You will also create a separate table summarizing CBR, GFR, and TFR for all the groups. Remember that you must include all of your results tables, and that you compare and contrast your results. Your sources are the 2020 American Community Survey 5-year file and the National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 70, Num. 17, Table 3, published February 7, 2022.

Total: Female: 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50-54 years Population Births Total childberaing women 95,681,354 Total: Female: 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50-54 years 326,569,309 3,613,647 10,292,770 1,765 10,470,727 158,043 10,744,378 665,595 11,430,281 1,024,402 10,914,048 1,069,984 10,611,733 564,059 9,969,109 120,570 10,489,920 8,234 10,758,388 995 Non-Hispanic White alone 230,006,615 1,843,432 5,203,633 379 5,480,037 54,426 5,753,003 293,861 6,227,469 526,693 6,090,538 605,458 5,900,081 301,688 5,612,512 56,925 6,331,270 3,639 6,947,296 363 Total Childbearing Womer 53,545,839 Total: Female: 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Non-Hispanic Black or African American alone 40,041,026 1,374,087 1,462,360 1,543,674 529,811 512 34,147 124,882 0.00017 0.01509 0.06195 0.08962 0.09804 0.05315 0.01209 0.00078 0.00009 0.00007 0.00993 0.05108 0.08458 0.09941 0.05113 0.01014 0.00057 0.00005 Table 1. Selected Fertility Characteristics of Women in the US, 2020 General Total Crude Birth Fertility Fertility Population Rate Rate Rate Total 11.07 37.77 1.65 Non-Hispanic White 8.01 34.43 1.53 Non-Hispanic Black B C D E F G H K 38 20 to 24 years 1,543,674 124,882 39 25 to 29 years 1,638,790 156,654 30 to 34 years 1,447,317 126,860 41 35 to 39 years 1,409,780 68,134 42 40 to 44 years 1,308,401 17,173 43 45 to 49 years 1,346,511 1,255 44 50-54 years 1,358,164 194 45 46 47 Non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native 48 Total: 2,066,100 26,813 Female: 50 10 to 14 years 74,461 31 51 15 to 19 years 77,748 2,189 52 20 to 24 years 74,627 7,227 53 25 to 29 years 77,753 7,891 54 30 to 34 years 70,031 6,015 5 35 to 39 years 67,633 2,885 56 40 to 44 years 64,012 584 57 45 to 49 years 62,557 17 58 50-54 years 68,963 4 59 Financial 60 61 Non-Hospanic Asian alone 62 Total: 18,121,216 219,068 63 Female: 64 10 to 14 years 506,090 13 65 15 to 19 years 543,983 1,127 66 20 to 24 years 610,992 11,853 67 25 to 29 years 784,572 47,575 68 30 to 34 years 817,058 89,523 35 to 39 years 795,510 56,041 70 40 to 44 years 748,846 11,818 1 45 to 49 years 704,959 977 72 50-54 years 609,006 141 73 74 Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone Total: 539,701 9,626 6 Female: 77 10 to 14 years 18,534L Ee 15 to 19 years 18,819 452 20 to 24 years 20,559 2,440 25 to 29 years 24,615 2,943 30 to 34 years 21,192 2,281 35 to 39 years 20,012 1,194 40 to 44 years 18,191 298 45 to 49 years 17,770 14 50-54 years 16,737 0 Hispanic-All Races and National Origins Total: 59,361,712 866,713 Female: 10 to 14 years 2,575,942 732 15 to 19 years 2,425,643 58,752 20 to 24 years 2,339,668 199,151 25 to 29 years 2,295,275 250,518 30 to 34 years 2,140,979 209,243 35 to 39 years 2,134,563 116,929 40 to 44 years 1,965,872 29,471 45 to 49 years 1,799,182 1,774 50-54 years 1,549,977 143 Financial