\f\fIf salt water was used instead of tap water, what effect do yOu think this would have had on the buOyant force and why? Understandin- ofs stem -_._-_ Part B Determining the volume of samples 1. Use Vernier callipers to measure the diameters and lengths of the cylindrical samples and record these measurements in the \"Density determined using vernier callipers\" table on your proforma. Fill the displacement can until water ows from the spout and then wait for the flow to stop. Place an empty beaker under the spout to collect the overow and then carefully lower the sample into the water. Once the water has stopped owing into the beaker, weigh the collected displaced water and record it in the \"Density determined using a displacement can\" table on your proforma. Repeat Steps 2-4 for all of the samples listed in the \"Density determined using a displacement can\" table on your proforma, Part C Measuring the buoyant force 1. 2. With nothing hanging, from the hook, zero the force sensor. Hang the string that is attached to the aluminum cylinder from the hook that is attached to the force sensor so that the sample is suspended in the air and record the weight in the \"Density determined using the buoyant force\" table on your proforma. Move the beaker containing water under the force sensor and completely submerge the sample, while ensuring that it doesn't touch the bottom or sides of the beaker. Record this apparent weight in the same table. Repeat for the other samples listed in the table, ensuring that the force sensor reads zero before attaching the next sample. Part D Graphical determination of density Using Steps 1-3 from Part C, record the mass, weight and apparent weight ofa range ofcast iron (black) masses that are found in the blue tray in the \"Density of cast iron\" table on your proforma. Part E Density of a wooden block 1. 2. Zero the electronic balance and place the wooden block on it. Record the mass in the \"Density of a wooden block\" table on your proforma. Using the digital vernier callipers, measure the dimensions of the wooden block and record them in the same table. The card on the bench in front of you shows images of the wooden block oating in water and sitting on a bench. Use the grids in the images to determine the fraction of the wooden block that is submerged and record it in the \"Density ofa oating wooden block\" table. Risk Assessment Risk assessment is extremely important in engineering. It is your job as engineers to identify and understand the risks present and to suggest measures to prevent harm from happening. Risks are assessed using the matrix below. The two main criteria used are likelihood of occurrences and severit},r of consequences. Risks are mitigated through a hierarchy of controls. \"IImm likelltood Il'libl'licil'lt Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic Almost Certain - Expected in most Low e Moderate + HUI Vent High - circumstances Likely - Will prohablvjI occur in most Low - Moderate - Moderate 4 Huh wry High circumstances Possible Might occur at some time Low- Moderate . Moderate + "hit unlikely Could occur at some time Low- Low 4- Moderate - Moderate + Rare . May occur only in exceptional Lora - Low + circumstances Consequences Hour severely could It hurt someone/cause damage? Catastrophic Death or large number of serious injuries. environmental disaster. huge cost Major Serious injury, eirtensirre Injuries, severe environmental damage, major cost Moderate Medical treatment required, contained environmental impact, high cost Minor First aid treatment required. some environmental andfor financial impact Insignicant No injuries. lownanciali'environmental Impact Riel: score what should I do? Extreme Immediate action required Very High Senior management attention required High Action plan required. senior management attention needed Moderate Specic monitoring or procedures required, management responsibility must be specied Law Manage through rounne procedures Negligible Accept the risk w Hierarchy of Controls dreary. Elimination - Physically remove lhe hazard Replace the hazard Isolate people! rmm the hazard Ch ange llle way pa uple wurk Administrative Controls Proton the worker with Pnrmnnl Planning Equipment Lr-nll oiioLliru Emeritus: Part A Weighing the samples 1. Zero the electronic balance and place a sample on it. Record the mass in the \"Mass of samples\" table on your proforma. 2. Repeat Step 1 for all of the samples listed in the table. Data analysis 1. Calculate the density of the sample from the data collected using your callipers and the mass measurement and record it in the \"Density determined using vernier callipers\" table. 2. Calculate the density ofthe sample from the data collected using the water displacement measurements and mass measurement and record it in the \"Density determined using a displacement can\" table on your proforma. 3. Calculate the volumes of water displaced by the samples in the \"Density determined using the buoyant force\" table and, using the corresponding mass measurements, calculate the densities ofthe samples and record them in the same table. 4. Using the data recorded in the \"Density of cast iron\" table, plot a graph of mass vs volume and use it to calculate the density of the cast iron masses. 5. Calculate the density of the wooden block from the data collected using your callipers and the mass measurement and record it in the \"Density of a wooden block\" table. 6. Using the data recorded in the \"Density ofa oating wooden block\" table, calculate the density of the wooden block and record it in the table. References Shackellord, J. F. (201(1) CRC' material's seienee and engineering handbook. Fourth edition Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, an imprint ofTaylor & Francis Group