Fiddler male crabs have an enlarged "major" claw they use to attract females and to defend a burrow. Scientists suggested that this appendage might also act a heat sink, keeping males cooler while out of the burrow on hot days. To test this, they placed four groups of crabs into separate cups and supplied a source of radiation heat from above. The four groups were intact male crabs, male crabs with major claw removed, male crabs with the other (minor) claw removed (control), and intact female fiddler crabs. The results below are the body temperature recorded every 10 minutes for 1.5hrs. These measurements were used to calculate a rate of heat gain for every crab in degrees C/log minute.

Answer Questions 1-3.

Female: 1.8,1.4,1.5,1.7,1.9,1.6,1.7,1.7

Intact male:1.2,1.4,1.3,1.2,1.5,1.1

Male minor removed:1.0, 0.9,1.3,1.3,1.2,1.3,0.9

Male major removed:1.2,1.5,1.5,1.4,1.2,1.4,1.4

Select the two correct hypotheses:

Select 2 correct answer(s)

1. Ho: Mean rate of heat gain does not differ among groups ( u1 = u2= u3= u4)
2. Ho: Mean rate of heat gain does not differ among group (u1=u4)
3. Ho: Crabs do not differ in mean rate of heat gain (u1=u2)
4. Ha: Crabs differ in mean rate of heat gain (u1 u2)
5. Ha: At least one group differs in the rate of heat gain (u2u3)
6. Ha: At least one group differs in mean rate of heat gain (at least one u is different)

Question 2

Fill in the blanks.

Round to1decimal place.

Blank #1 Error Sum of Squares _____

Blank #2 Group Mean of Squares _____

Blank #2 F-ratio _____

Blank #4 F critical _____

Blank #5 Degrees of freedom, error _____

Question 3

Do you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis?

Question 3 options:

Reject or Fail to reject?

Question 4

Biologists extracted dormant eggs of the zooplanktonDaphniabelow Lake Constance in Europe. They examined trends in resistance to dietary cyanobacteria, a toxic food type that has increased in density since 1960 in response to increased nutrients in the lake.The data below gives the resistance level of Daphnia clones, each initiated from single eggs extracted from deposits laid down during years of low, medium, and high cyanobacteria density. Resistance is the average growth rate of individuals fed cyanobacteria divided by the growth rate when individuals from the same clone are fed a high-quality algal food instead.

Answer Questions 4-6

Cyanobacteria density Measurements of resistance

Low 0.68, 0.56, 0.54, 0.76, 0.68, 0.75

Medium 0.78, 0.70, 0.80, 0.86, 0.75, 0.79

High 0.76, 0.86, 0.88, 0.78, 0.83, 0.88

Test the null hypothesis of no differences among group means:

Round to 2decimal places.

#1 Total Sum of Squares _____

#2 Group Mean of Squares _____

#3 F-ratio _____

Question 5

What percentage of the variation in the response variable is explained by treatment?

Round to1decimal place, do not include the percentage symbol.

Question 6

Do you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis?

Question 6 options:

Reject

Fail to reject